Learn More About Conjugations for the Italian Verb Restare

Overcoming Racism And Discrimination That Has Affected...

Overcoming Racism and Barriers to Counseling in Asian and Native Americans Both Asian Americans and Native Americans have faced oppression and discrimination for over two-hundred years (Hays and Erford, 2014). In this paper, I will identify how a counselor can reduce the effects of racism and discrimination that has affected Asian and Native Americans. Additionally, I will address what role a counselor plays in reducing the stigma of mental illness within both Asian and Native American’s community. Furthermore, I will highlight how the reading material from your textbook aligns with the issues presented in the videos, Asian American/Pacific Islanders and Mental Health and The Mental Health of Native Americans as well as how these issues†¦show more content†¦In my opinion, one way to reach Asian Americans is to meet with the Asian church leaders and attend services to build rapport within the community. Furthermore, in the Asian community, a counselor can connect those in need with resources such as language or employment services (Hoang, 2008). Native Americans acculturate on different levels, from non-English speaking and traditional to fully immersed into the United States norms (Hays and Erford, 2014). Like Asian Americans, Native Americans also value to mind-body, harmony, and balance spiritual beliefs (Hays and Erford, 2014). Moreover, Native Americans show respect to their Native elders, not unlike the Asian’s familial respect for the elderly family members (Hays and Erford, 2014). In my opinion, one way to reach Native Americans is in the form of elementary school outreach directed at Native American children. A counselor could discover a resource they need and help the family attain help. Even though Native Americans may distrust the Caucasian race, with purposeful, genuine caring and the desire to help cannot be overlooked. Textbooks Readings and Videos The material in our textbook goes into detail regarding both Asian and Native American history, what laws affected the groups, culture, acculturation, and guidelines for counseling both populations. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Racism in America Today2249 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"Racism can be defined as beliefs, attitudes, actions or behaviors that are based on phenotypic characteristics or ethnic affiliation†(Patcher, 2010). Racism is a struggle that, to this day, has continued to be a major issue. The color of someone’s skin alters how a person is perceived by society as a whole. Race is a social construct created by humans to categorize the world. (Ponds, 2013) The outlook on racism varies from community to community, family to family, and even person toRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesbusiness innovation in companies at a far faster rate than would have been the case if there had been no boom; that is, without those effects, innovation might not have taken place at all. All this business growth has caused increasing complexity in business action and decision making. It has presented chief executive officers (CEOs) and management leaders in all markets and industries with new intricacies in deciding how to weigh and time the business decisions—and the quality of those decisions—that

Torture Human and Inescapable Frailty Free Essays

In â€Å"the Abolition of Torture,† Sullivan argues that we have to ban torture in order to save America. Sullivan insists that we halt abuses on prisoners and terrorists, antithesizing his view with Krauthammer’s for most of the part in the essay. Torture is merely a brutal act of destroying a human being, a completely deplorable execution. We will write a custom essay sample on Torture: Human and Inescapable Frailty or any similar topic only for you Order Now And if America observed its favor in this vile act, there would be no more America. To start with, Sullivan says it is absurd that the Bush administration, in the name of military necessity, had permitted aggressive abuse of enemy soldiers.And the abuses in Iraq War resulted in murders of innocent captives. Before discussing the permission of torture, however, we have a severe problem failing to argue: we only swear that torture is morally wrong, before explaining why it has to deal with morality. And Sullivan clarifies it is morally wrong because torture and freedom perfectly counter each other. A human being owns the right to protect his or her body. Whereas U. S. Constitution exists in order to protect one’s rights, torture becomes merely against the law.If one is forced to be physically harmed, then he or she is defended by the Constitution. Human beings have â€Å"inescapable frailty† regarding bodily needs. However, torture hinders people’s autonomy, nudging them in the â€Å"inescapable frailty. † People lose their control, then; if one has lost his control over his body or mind, his state becomes â€Å"subhuman. † The Western Freedom was based on the duty to save a victim’s soul. The victim’s body would be damaged, but a lesson was always learned. But today, people are losing their souls as well as bodies.A notion has suddenly been established that in a few cases, we can accept inhumane treatments on whom Krauthammer call are â€Å"so depraved† that they deserve those treatments. Krauthammer says the depraved are so subhuman to be categorized as monsters. But Sullivan says monsters are still humans, if they have murdered numberless innocent civilians. Humans are responsible for what they have done, a fact which is not applied to animals. Then, humans are not monsters. Moreover, Krauthammer’s excuses are simple hypotheses that rarely happen in the real world.Krauthammer has put three extraordinary events into one scenario and gives a pathetic shot to convince people. If the scenario became a true story, then Sullivan would concede the legalization of torture; the scenario has a chance of about 0. 01% to become true, though. Besides, Krauthammer has not recognized how risky the accessibility of torture will be. Even if abuse were fit in only particular circumstances, torture would be a common scene, because it tends to proliferate. If one abuses another, others will learn by seeing them, and exercise torture.Then, the only means to control torture will be declaring torture to be illegal. Another point does Sullivan oppose Krauthammer’s idea. Krauthammer claims that torture brings about untrustworthy information. When a captive gets tired of being tortured, to survive, he will spit any words whether they are true or not. Then, such information becomes an option. Sullivan criticizes Krauthammer’s attitude toward this problem, because people torture a person to be classified as subhuman and still get nothing tangible or accurate.After correcting Krauthammer’s perspective, Sullivan provides us a solution. If we look forward to other techniques of extracting information than torture, a vast number of them are awaiting. But, before keeping our eyes on the techniques, we have to give up on our tyrannical behaviors favoring torture. If we remove totalitarian aspects on our faces, we can save America, preserving its fundamental values. However, if we do not completely wipe that violent speck, America will succumb to self-destruction. How to cite Torture: Human and Inescapable Frailty, Papers

Food and Beverage in Hotels a Recipie for Success free essay sample

It is a very well established fact that independent, freestanding Food and Beverage outlets are more successful than their hotel equivalents. There has always been a lot of scrutiny into the monetary role that Food and beverage operations play within hotels and if they are a venture that will compromise the total profitability of the establishment. Hotels, right until the 1950’s predominantly generated its revenue from room sales. This all changed when the wars ended bringing economic stability through international commerce. Food and Beverage outlets, especially hotel restaurants were very well received and often celebrated for the unique gastronomic experiences they offered. These hotel departments propagated an abundance of revenue for their establishments and as the industry flourished so did the competition. Since the late 1980’s there has been a sudden boom in independently owned restaurants and other Food and Beverage outlets. This new addition not only revolutionized the Hotel Industry but also has made it into the commercial juggernaut that it is today. We will write a custom essay sample on Food and Beverage in Hotels: a Recipie for Success? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Freestanding Food and Beverage operations offer an almost infinite array of cuisines and other services compared to the generic Hotel Restaurant and bar. With such varied and unique choices on offer it’s not hard to deduct why the consumers favor independent outlets to their Hotel counterparts. According to political economist Dr. Elliott R Morss (June 2009), There are in estimate of over 8. 7 million independently owned restaurants worldwide. These freestanding businesses generate more than US$550 billion globally and that’s not taking into account Alcohol, which is a jaw dropping estimate of US$1,163 billion. With a handicap of such numbers the Food and Beverage outlets within the Lodging establishments unfortunately perform very poorly. Hotels have to maintain Food and beverage Operations as providing these amenities helps them maintain a competitive edge within the Industry and this constantly works against them. In his book, Michael O’Fallon (2011) elaborates upon this situation calling it a ‘necessary evil’ because many Hotel establishments tend to believe the costs of running labor heavy Food and Beverage operations consisting of very high quality products and services in the midst of all this fierce competition will very likely utweigh the benefits. Due to this attitude consumers have come to expect hotels to provide such amenities as a standard necessity. Lodging establishments providing Food and Beverage facilities are termed as â€Å" Full Service† Hotels, which usually have multiple outlets catering to various demographics both, to in-house guests and visitors alike. The problem with having many departments is that if one outlet isn’t making enough profit it will adversely affect the total overall revenue of the establishment. Smaller businesses and Independently owned operations do not face such a dilemma. They can afford to take more calculated risks and make several drastic changes without compromising their position in the market. Whereas Hotels cannot afford this luxury as they have to account for several other departments and have to maintain a respectable industry repertoire. With independently run Food and Beverage operations in the drivers seat some Hotel Chains have resorted to leasing or outsourcing their outlets and operations in an effort to cut their losses. A certain trend has begun within the industry especially with Hotel restaurants where establishments have started leasing their own established dining facilities to keen entrepreneurs or Celebrity Chefs. Many Hoteliers have seen success adopting this trend, the best example of this being the main hotel restaurant of the Claridiges, London that is being run by world-renowned chef Gordon Ramsay. This venture has made the Hotel into a bit of an attraction and savors millions in new incoming revenue. Some establishments choose to take another approach by completely getting rid of the Food and Beverage Operations. Such a method, according to Tushar Kapoor (2006), Director of Professional Development at the California State Polytechnic University is extremely implausible and will work against the company’s reputation. He suggests a more strategic option would be to become more competitive within the local markets. Start with adopting a fresh new approach and implementing new financial and business strategies by doing adequate market research. Freestanding enterprises also face many challenges just like hotel establishment but they have a much smaller stake to loose in comparison to the latter. Ironing out these issues requires good management and competent market knowledge. In an article for Parkway Hospitality Mgmt. , Michael Haynie, SR. (2010) writes that modern day Food and Beverage operations should be more geared towards profitability. Strategically tweaking and modernizing both physical and operational aesthetics of the business can achieve this goal. For e. g.

Articles Of Confederation Essays - United States, Government

Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation was the first constitution of the United States of America. The Articles of Confederation were first drafted by the Continental Congress in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1777. This first draft was prepared by a man named John Dickinson in 1776. The Articles were then ratified in 1781. The cause for the changes to be made was due to state jealousies and widespread distrust of the central authority. This jealousy then led to the emasculation of the document. As adopted, the articles provided only for a "firm league of friendship" in which each of the 13 states expressly held "its sovereignty, freedom, and independence." The People of each state were given equal privileges and rights, freedom of movement was guaranteed, and procedures for the trials of accused criminals were outlined. The articles established a national legislature called the Congress, consisting of two to seven delegates from each state; each state had one vote, according to its size or population. No executive or judicial branches were provided for. Congress was charged with responsibility for conducting foreign relations, declaring war or peace, maintaining an army and navy, settling boundary disputes, establishing and maintaining a postal service, and various lesser functions. Some of these responsibilities were shared with the states, and in one way or another Congress was dependent upon the cooperation of the states for carrying out any of them. Four visible weaknesses of the articles, apart from those of organization, made it impossible for Congress to execute its constitutional duties. These were analyzed in numbers 15-22 of The FEDERALIST, the political essays in which Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay argued the case for the U.S. CONSTITUTION of 1787. The first weakness was that Congress could legislate only for states, not for individuals; because of this it could not enforce legislation. Second, Congress had no power to tax. Instead, it was to assess its expenses and divide those among the states on the basis of the value of land. States were then to tax their own citizens to raise the money for these expenses and turn the proceeds over to Congress. They could not be forced to do so, and in practice they rarely met their obligations. Third, Congress lacked the power to control commerce--without its power to conduct foreign relations was not necessary, since most treaties except those of peace were concerned mainly with trade. The fourth weakness ensured the demise of the Confederation by making it too difficult to correct the first three. Amendments could have corrected any of the weaknesses, but amendments required approval by all 13 state legislatures. None of the several amendments that were proposed met that requirement. On the days from September 11, 1786 to September 14, 1786, New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Virginia had a meeting of there delegates at the Annapolis Convention. Too few states were represented to carry out the original purpose of the meeting--to discuss the regulation of interstate commerce--but there was a larger topic at question, specifically, the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton successfully proposed that the states be invited to send delegates to Philadelphia to render the constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union." As a result, the Constitutional Convention was held in May 1787. The Constitutional Convention, which wrote the Constitution of the United States, was held in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787. It was called by the Continental Congress and several states in response to the expected bankruptcy of Congress and a sense of panic arising from an armed revolt--Shays's Rebellion--in New England. The convention's assigned job, following proposals made at the Annapolis Convention the previous September, was to create amendments to the Articles of Confederation. The delegates, however, immediately started writing a new constitution. Fifty-five delegates representing 12 states attended at least part of the sessions. Thirty-four of them were lawyers; most of the others were planters or merchants. Although George Washington, who presided, was 55, and John Dickinson was 54, Benjamin Franklin 81, and Roger Shermen 66, most of the delegates were young men in their 20s and 30s. Noticeable absent were the revolutionary leaders of the effort for independence in 1775-76, such as John Adams, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson.

Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy The WritePass Journal

Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy Introduction Developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy ). According to Kennard (2006, p.1), ‘sustainable procurement is the process whereby economic development, social development and environmental protection are balanced against business needs.’ In simpler terms, sustainable procurement means carefully considering the impact of every purchasing decision on the environment and on society. The United Nations’ definition of sustainable procurement is similar to that of Kennard (2006). The UN (2010) defines procurement as sustainable if it is able to integrate requirements, specifications and criteria, which are compatible with and favourable towards the protection of the environment, promotes social progress, and supports economic development. Environmental aspect refers to the impacts of the product or service on the environment over the whole life-cycle (i.e. from cradle to grave). Social aspect deals with the effects of purchasing decisions on issues such as labour conditions, international equity in the distribution of resources, etc. Last but not least, economic considerations involve purchasing based on principles of best value for money, price, quality, availability and functionality. These can be achieved through resource efficiency, improving the quality of products and services, and by optimizing costs. For private business organisations engaging in sustainable procurement, it cannot be denied that that they are maximising net benefits both for themselves and the world at large (i.e. society and external environment). As such, businesses integrate cost considerations and the basic procurement criteria of price and quality, with sustainability impacts (usually evaluated in terms of quality consideration). The environmental, economic, and social factors that are part of sustainable procurement are known as the ‘triple bottom line’ or TBL (Meehan Bryde 2011). Despite the seemingly complicated requirements and processes involved for sustainable procurement, this is not meant to burden the market with additional obligations (UN 2010). Sustainable procurement is a well-defined strategy that can be phased gradually throughout the supply chain and the organisation’s business processes. When implemented effectively, sustainable procurement promotes dialogue and open communication between the suppliers, procurers, and management operations. Business Drivers for Sustainable Procurement There are several incentives for businesses to engage in sustainable procurement. One of the main drivers for sustainable procurement is due to its financial benefits. Sustainable procurement helps organisations to eliminate waste, be more energy efficient, reduce the company’s carbon foot print, and save money. Moreover, it can help to enhance the company’s image since this will have a positive impact on customers, especially as there is a rising demand for products and services that are produced in a more socially responsible and environmentally friendly way (CIPS 2012). Engaging in sustainable procurement also helps an organisation to establish a competitive advantage by improving competitiveness. Additionally, sustainable procurement will allow the company to comply with environmental legislation. Some organisations also aim to promote resource efficiency or increase their standing in sustainability rankings such as the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (Copeland 2012). This may be motivated by the company’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. Practicing sustainable procurement helps companies to achieve their CSR objectives. For instance, some sustainability programmes provide jobs by sourcing supplies locally, which in turn helps to develop the local economy. The company can also improve their ethical, health and safety standards by requiring suppliers to source raw materials in an ethical and responsible way (OPITO 2012). Kennard (2006) lists down the different benefits of sustainable procurement. These are also some of the main drivers that motivate businesses to practice sustainable procurement in their supply chain management and operations. Manage costs by implementing a more comprehensive approach to whole-life costing Improve internal and external standards via conducting performance assessments Compliance with environmental and social regulations or legislation Manage business risks Improve the company’s image and/or brands Develop a sustainable supply chain for the future Involve the local community A study conducted by Price Waterhouse Coopers and EcoVadis (2010), in collaboration with the INSEAD Social Innovation Centre quantified the value drivers associated with sustainable procurement policies. Through examining several case studies, the quantitative model was developed by analysing the three main drivers for sustainable procurement (i.e. cost reduction, risk reduction, and revenue growth) and their impacts on the company’s annual procurement expenditures, market capitalization, and revenue. These were then compared to the implementation cost of a sustainable procurement programme. The findings of the study show that the cost reduction impact of sustainable procurement outweighs the implementation costs, especially on categories where cost savings and sustainability benefits are aligned. This indicates that businesses engage in sustainable procurement because the value drivers that compel them to engage in sustainability are evaluated to be beneficial to their organi sations. Table 1. Analysis of the main drivers for sustainable procurement vs. impacts on company’s performance Source: Waterhouse Coopers and EcoVadis (2010) Evaluation of Case Studies on Sustainable Procurement In this section, two global multi-national companies are evaluated in terms of their sustainable procurement policies. These are AkzoNobel and IKEA. Case Study: AkzoNobel AkzoNobel is a one of the leading companies in the manufacture and supply of paints, coatings, and specialty chemicals. As of 2012, the company has revenue of â‚ ¬15.7 billion and 57,200 employees in its global operations (AkzoNobel 2012). In 2008, AkzoNobel is the first company to combine its annual report and sustainability report into a single publication. This demonstrated that sustainability is a business case, instead of a novelty, which was an idea held by most companies. For its 2009 agenda, the company included as one of its priorities the achieving world class sustainability and safety. AkzoNobel won the ProcureCon award in 2008 for its leadership in sustainable procurement. AkzoNobel is also one of the top-ranked companies in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index and in 2012; it was evaluated as one of the global super-sector leaders in chemicals (Van Hoeven 2012; AkzoNobel 2012; Achilles 2008). Table 2. Assessment 2012 – Global Supersector Leaders (1) Source: Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Annual Review 2012 It is evident that AkzoNobel has embedded sustainability in its overall corporate strategy. The company manages sustainability by integrating it across the business and it is reviewed based on a balanced score card. In order to map out their sustainability achievements, AkzoNobel has developed a framework to assess the environmental, economical and social aspects of their operations. This framework has three levels: (Van Hoeven 2012; AkzoNobel 2012) Invent – to identify and manage areas that will provide long-term and sustainable opportunities for the company; work with customers and suppliers in delivering eco-premium solutions; and develop their people to lead and deliver innovative solutions Manage – to incorporate a strong sustainability component throughout the entire value chain; work in partnership with suppliers to ensure business integrity and help deliver sustainable value to the customers; optimise processes, improve yields and improve energy efficiency Improve – to improve in meeting compliance especially in the following areas: Integrity management; heath, safety, environment and security management; Product stewardship; and Employment practices. Figure 1. AkzoNobel’s Sustainability Framework Case Study: IKEA IKEA is a global retail powerhouse in the home furnishings sector with over 338 stores worldwide. As of 2012, the company has a sales turnover of â‚ ¬27.5 billion and 154,000 workers in its global operations. IKEA’s business idea is supported by its vision of offering well-designed, functional, and low-priced home furnishing products. The company makes its products affordable so as to enable many people to afford them (IKEA 2012). IKEA’s business units have integrated sustainability in their business plans and managers are responsible for achieving the company’s sustainability targets. To support its sustainability objectives, the company has employed social and environmental specialists with expertise in a wide range of areas. IKEA stores and distribution centres also have social and environmental coordinators to provide training and monitor working conditions, safety, waste management, and water and energy conservation (Van Hoeven 2012). IKEA utilizes a Sustainability Product Score card to help classify its home furnishing range and help the company move towards more sustainable product development. It serves as a guide in improving products based on 11 criteria that have an impact on a product’s sustainability profile during its life-cycle. The results of the scorecard are displayed in individual product labels (IKEA 2011a). Table 3. IKEA KPI Customers IKEA integrates sustainability in every stage of the value chain. The company is creating and securing sustainable processes for: (a) Product development and sourcing of raw materials of home furnishings and food products; (b) Production and distribution; (c) Stores and shopping centres; and (d) Product end-of-life (IKEA 2011b). In terms of its procurement policy, IKEA has two important focus points: (Van Hoeven 2012) Increasing the sustainability its of supplier base The IKEA IWAY code of conduct is required to be followed by all suppliers. IKEA auditors regularly visit suppliers to ensure that they comply with IWAY criteria. These visits are either announced or unannounced and each supplier is visited at least twice a year. The Compliance and Monitoring Group is responsible for ensuring that the audit criteria are implemented worldwide. Increasing the use of sustainable raw materials. IKEA is taking up leadership in the stewardship of sustainable wood and cotton and the company is adapting their procurement and sourcing functions as necessary. Issues and challenges for organisations in developing a Sustainable Procurement Policy Sustainable procurement in the business setting requires a high degree of cooperation and commitment among all members of the supply chain. Additionally, the ‘lack of understanding of sustainability within business, coupled with poor training and accountability are significant barriers to building supplier capacity’ (Kennard 2006, p.1). Many businesses have developed tools and techniques to support this cooperation and commitment, as well as to instil sustainability accountability in the organisation. Training is very important in fostering a culture of sustainability within an organisation. All parties in the supply chain should be given adequate training regarding the importance and benefits of practicing sustainability. Moreover, the shifting of organisational and supply chain processes into a more sustainable way requires a lot of preparation and education (CIPS 2012). Ethical core values should also be incorporated in the sustainable procurement policies and procedures for contractors and suppliers. Transparency is essential in order to support the organisation’s ability in implementing and ensuring that the policies have been followed. Sustainable procurement policies should include environmental protection, safeguarding the organisation against corruption, respect and consideration for people, and zero-accident tolerance in safety and health issues (Kennard 2006). The transition to sustainable procurement is not an easy task. There are various product certifications, data, labels, and other documentations that make compliance to sustainability initiatives a big challenge. As such, it can be very difficult to synthesize the loads of data regarding a product’s sustainability attributes and evaluate it as sustainably compliant. Additionally, procurement professionals have another challenge – how to integrate these sustainability criteria into purchasing decisions, while also taking into account traditional considerations such as cost, quality, and delivery. More importantly, the biggest challenge is how to roll out the company’s sustainable procurement policy to the thousands of products that it purchases (Suarez 2012). The road to sustainable procurement can be daunting but organisations can start on the right path by aligning their sustainable procurement policy/approach with the company’s overall CSR initiatives and business priorities. Suarez (2012) recommends the following strategy for companies, which are in the beginning phase of their sustainable procurement policy: ‘By understanding how they define a product’s sustainability, companies can prioritize their efforts to reduce the impacts of the products they purchase and align their process with broader corporate sustainability goals. Looking at the full life-cycle of a product, they can focus on the highest impact areas, or hotspots, that overlap with their own commitments to sustainability’ (sec.2). It is also important for companies to consider and involve in the creation of a sustainable procurement policy other internal stakeholders who may not be directly part of the procurement process. For instance, departments such as marketing, product design, and operations/facilities may have significant influence on product specifications and these in turn can influence procurement decisions. The company should involve these individuals in considering sustainability impacts. It is recommended that a company engage in integrated sustainability procurement efforts in order to ensure that relevant people are involved in the process and sustainability is achieved (Suarez 2012). According to Copeland (2012), companies that want to be sustainable due to a passion for being green can only take it to a certain extent. Unless the board and shareholders support their sustainability objectives, they won’t be successful. However, getting the board and shareholders to support a sustainable procurement policy may not be that easy. To address this, the company needs to understand why it makes business sense to be sustainable. In order for the board to support the sustainable procurement policy, it is important to understand the whole life costing of the products being procured. This includes thinking about not just the purchase and usage cost, but also the cost of disposal. Sustainable procurement should also add to the value of the company’s existing products. The product should be improved in some way by the use of sustainable materials, rather than just being sustainable for the sake of being green (Copeland 2012). Procurement professionals should be championing sustainability objectives at the board level to help their organisation to thrive (Van Hoeven 2012). Implementation and Monitoring issues for Sustainable Procurement Implementation and monitoring a sustainable procurement policy is faced with many challenges. This is mainly due to the fact that implementing sustainable procurement means changing policies and procedures and fostering a new mindset and culture to the organisation’s management and employees. Undoubtedly, there will be resistance to such changes. A study by Meehan Bryde (2010) found that although some companies have sustainability objectives included in their corporate mission statements and despite external and internal pressures to embed sustainability; these have not translated into widespread practice of sustainable procurement in their organisations. This indicates that some organisations suffer from inertia in terms of their sustainability initiatives. To neutralise inertia and spur the organisation into action, the authors recommends several strategies: (a) Take experiences from other areas that emphasise the importance of inter-organisational relationships; (b) Develop a small number of sustainable development indicators for procurement and use more advanced environmental practices as examples to demonstrate how these elements have socio-economic impacts; and (c) Instead of just focusing on the pressures and drivers of sustainability, emphasise the triggers to overcome inaction and lead changes in behaviour amongst p rocurement staff. One of the issues in implementing a sustainable procurement policy is the lack of leadership and commitment (Kennard 2006). The organisation needs to elect sustainability champions who will lead in transitioning the company’s policies and processes. Without these leaders, there will be no one to drive the organisation’s sustainability efforts. These leaders should be held accountable for failure to meet the required standards. Alternatively, the organisation could set up a working group or steering committee, comprised of people from different departments, to help find the most effective ways to implement the sustainable procurement policy (Sustainable Procurement Resource Centre 2012). In monitoring the compliance to and effectiveness of a sustainable procurement policy, one critical area that may pose challenges to the organisation is the setting of measurements or KPIs (key performance indicators). The organisation should set how it is going to measure its progress and the impact of the sustainable procurement policy on its supply chain (Copeland 2012). According to Wilkinson Kirkup (2009), ‘Process KPIs can help to demonstrate an organisation’s intent to external organisations, whilst also helping the organisation track the implementation of policies’ (p.24). To avoid confusion and make it easier for employees to adapt, the company should not use a different measuring system than the one it normally uses. New information should be built into existing supplier scorecards and relationship management systems. There should be a seamless integration into the old measurement system so that the business runs as usual despite the changes (Copeland 2012). Another issue in monitoring is compliance. There is the possibility that suppliers will fail to comply with the sustainable procurement policy when the company does not follow up on compliance. As such, organisations should also conduct regular audits to ensure compliance. The performance of suppliers and other members of the supply chain must be regularly monitored to check for adherence to the organisation’s sustainable procurement policies (Wilkinson Kirkup 2009). Conclusions and Recommendations Implementing a sustainable procurement policy has positive final results for a business organisation. It can help to cut costs; increase product sale price, due to the perceived added value from procuring sustainably; and attract more customers through an improved brand reputation or company image (Copeland 2012). Moreover, according to the ICLEI (2012, p.1), a procurement policy that effectively incorporates sustainability can: (a) Reduce environmental impacts; (b) Drive social improvements; and (c) Achieve financial efficiency. These benefits are the main drivers which compel business organisations to engage in sustainable procurement. In evaluating the case studies of two multi-national companies, AkzoNobel and IKEA, it was found that in order for sustainable procurement to succeed, it must be integrated into all aspects of the business from management, operations, and supply chain. Both AkzoNobel and IKEA are leaders in sustainability in their fields because they have successfully embedded a sustainable culture into their businesses. They employ frameworks, principles, and KPIs to help them implement and monitor their sustainability achievements. They have very specific sustainability goals and they regularly audit the performance of different business units, especially in the supply chain, to ensure compliance with the company’s sustainable procurement policies. There are several issues and challenges to developing a sustainable procurement policy. These include: (a) The need for a high degree of collaboration and engagement among members of the supply chain; (b) Lack of understanding about sustainability; (b) Lack of accountability; (c) Poor training; (d) Difficulties in synthesizing loads of sustainability information; (e) Problems with integrating sustainability criteria into purchasing decisions; and (f) Lack of support from the board. There are also challenges in the implementation and monitoring of sustainable procurement policies. These include: (a) Failure to put into action the objectives set forth in the sustainability agenda; (b) Lack of leadership in commitment; (c) Difficulties in setting the measurement tool or KPIs; and (d) Problems in monitoring compliance. Taking into consideration the above challenges and issues, this paper recommends that developing a sustainable procurement policy should include the following: (Kennard 2006; Wilkinson Kirkup 2009) Make the organisation’s members aware of the importance of having a sustainable procurement strategy Train and guide internal and external members of the organisation and supply chain Develop links with other organisations and peer groups to learn from their experiences Develop a standard approach to measuring strategic outcomes Develop operational systems and procedures that are integrated with sustainability measurements and put these into practice in day-to-day procurement and monitoring activities References Achilles UK. (2008).  Achilles congratulate ProcureCon 2008 Sustainability Award Winners.  Available: achilles.com/en/uk/news/Achilles-congratulate-ProcureCon-2008-Sustainability-Award-Winners/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. AkzoNobel. (2012).  AkzoNobel Corporate.  Available: akzonobel.com/aboutus/akzonobel_at_a_glance/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Chartered Institute of Purchasing Supply (CIPS). (2012).  Sustainable Procurement Review.  Available: cips.org/products-services/Sustainable-procurement-review/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Copeland, E. (2012).  Sustainable procurement makes good business sense.  Available: supplychaindigital.com/procurement/sustainable-procurement-makes-good-business-sense. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Dow Jones. (2012).  Dow Jones Sustainability Index 2012 Review Results. Available: sustainability-indexes.com/images/review-presentation-2012_tcm1071-343085.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2011a).  The IKEA Group approach to sustainability.  Available: ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/pdf/group_approach_sustainability_fy11.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2011b).  Sustainability Report 2011.  Available: ikea.com/ms/en_US/about_ikea/pdf/sustainability_report_fy11.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. IKEA. (2012).  The IKEA Concept.  Available: http://franchisor.ikea.com/concept.html. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI). (2012).  Sustainable Procurement.  Available: iclei-europe.org/topics/sustainable-procurement. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Kennard, M. (2006).  Sustainable Procurement.  Available: fig.net/pub/fig2006/papers/ts08/ts08_03_kennard_0843.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Meehan, J Bryde, D. (2011). Sustainable Procurement Practice.  Business Strategy and the Environment. 20 (2), p94-106. OPITO. (2012).  The importance of sustainable purchasing and supply: An OPITO Case Study.  Available: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/opito/the-importance-of-sustainable-purchasing-and-supply/sustainable-procurement.html#axzz2EvE3MaUV. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Price Waterhouse Coopers, EcoVadis INSEAD. (2010).  Value of Sustainable Procurement Practices.  Available: pwc.com/en_GX/gx/operations-consulting-services/pdf/value-sustainable-procurement-practices.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Suarez, C. (2012).  Going from What to How in Procurement.  Available: bsr.org/en/our-insights/bsr-insight-article/going-from-what-to-how-in-sustainable-procurement/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. United Nations (UN). (2010).  What is Sustainable Procurement.  Available: https://www.ungm.org/sustainableprocurement/default.aspx. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Sustainable Procurement Resource Centre. (2012).  Sustainable Public Procurement.  Available: sustainable-procurement.org/about-spp/. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012. Walker, H, Gough, S, Bakker, E, Knight, L McBain, D. (2009). Greening Operations Management An Online Sustainable Procurement Course for Practitioners.  Journal of Management Education. 33 (3), p348-371. Wilkinson, A  Ã‚  Kirkup, B. (2009).  Measurement  of  Sustainable  Procurement.  Available: adamwilkinson.com/documents/measuring%20SP%20report%20release.pdf. Last accessed 12th Dec 2012.

3.Show how the 1989 White Paper Working for Patients changed the NHS Essay

3.Show how the 1989 White Paper Working for Patients changed the NHS. Evaluate the reasons for these NHS reforms - Essay Example The white paper had a collection of proposed objectives, as well as of proposals, which the government deemed as essential change tools. Nevertheless, the white paper’s contents have had very great impacts in the NHS, both positive and negative. A vast number of reforms have been realized over the years as a result of the changes imposed by the inception of the white paper. The body’s operations have taken a new direction over the years, a factor marked by success in the change implementation processes (New Scientist magazine 24). The white paper by the government whose logo was â€Å"working for patients† entailed a set of objectives and proposals, which were considered by the health department as a programme that was dreadful for NHS reformation. The main emphasis was the need for research as well as a better system of research result translation to meet the intended goals. The government looked forward to see a translation of medical research results into effective health care practices. Alongside other proposed NHS amendments by the 1989 government’s white paper, there were two main objectives. First, the government sought to improve its capacity in the control of the NHS cost and output in all its operations. The main intention of this was to formulate the health care providers into reliable beings to the government as well as the patients. This objective was raised out of the realization that administration and control had posed many problems since the inception of the organ. Additionally, the government had realized that there existed a lot of autonomy in the clinics by the car providers; where no other person would have been allowed to have control over the operations of the NHS (Klein 64). On the other hand, The NHS needed to operate on a ground that would offer efficiency; hence, the government intended to spearhead the kind of improvement. The key areas that needed

Public health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Public health - Essay Example Vaccines develop the tendency in the body to resist infections, and bring an overall improvement into the immune system of the body against the particular types of infections. In the past, one would frequently hear the news of someone losing life because of malaria, but today, in the omnipresence of vaccinations, such news is no more heard. I agree that participatory evaluation is inclusive of all kinds of stakeholders that a project has. This includes the people who are establishing the standards for evaluation, the people who are actually carrying it out, the people who are arranging and organizing it, the individuals responsible to retrieve information from the experts and professionals from academia and industry, the people for whom the evaluations are conducted, and the people who help convey the results of the evaluations to the concerned departments. Participatory evaluation is essentially a teamwork that requires input from all stakeholders to reach the conclusions. In effect, a holistic effort is made to obtain objective

Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model - Discussion Essay

Health Promotion Model and Health Belief Model - Discussion - Essay Example It is associated with the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behavior. However, Health Promotion Model interacts with society. In this modified plan, nurses should manage to teach individual with basic health care information to achieve success with the ability for self-care to prevent diseases (Jarvis, 2012). The Heath Belief Model suggests that health-seeking behavior depends upon person’s beliefs, how he perceived the illness and what necessary preventive measures can overcome illness. Habitual habits like smoking not only do bad to the environment but the person himself. However, if he has this mind setting that he is harming himself and the environment then he would take actions to quit the habit (Purnell, 2014). In my opinion, health promotion model is productive than Heath Belief Model. As a nurse, I personally believe that health can be maintained by manifesting knowledge of health care by health promotion model that aims good health care system taking into consideration the cultural and social beliefs. Healthcare provider has the responsibility to serve regardless of cultural and ethnic differences. One should realize the cultural diversity practically. It will help health care providers to work in any possible manner to ensure better physical and emotional wellbeing of people. I came across many patients those who do not want to be treated by me because I am different from their race. It limits our abilities to providing better health. Due to cultural diversity in society, respecting each other’s belief will help in providing better health care

Exploring Characteristics Of Leaders

Exploring Characteristics Of Leaders There is Malay proverb said that kalau guru kencingberdiri, muridkencingberlari. Its mean that when the teacher shows the student bad attitude or anything, the student does it even more worst. As people know teacher is one of the example of a leader. Leader is the one who are guiding or directing others toward a common goal, show the way by some examples, and create an environment where other team members feel actively involved in the process. People who being a leader or willing to, usually they will been through some step and or process. Besides, there are also few characters that should be in person who willing or want to be a leader. One thing in common must have in leader is desire. The desires they have are to make promises of the life the ability to precise them copiously and without restrictions. There is a time a smooth as Ralph Waldo Emerson once spewed his words, that person is only half of himself or she, the other half is they expressions. Because of his word, a leader is born with copiously on the other side look is self-expression. Its needed because it can bear the essence of leadership. Most of the concept and skill need to make the leader able to express their copiously means that the leader know who are they, what their strengths and weakness are. Besides that, they also must know how to fully deploy your strengths and compensate for their own excess and weakness. In that way they might know what their need, they want, and also the way to communicate to people, in order to gain the cooperation and support from people. The entire leader must know how to set and achieve their own goal. Its because th e result they get from what they aiming might affect the people around them. They need to learn how to understand ones self, people and the world to learn and gain more experience. CHARACTERISTIC A leader not a boss of the team but, rather people who are committed to the mission Venture. There is some characteristics of a strong leader might have in each of them:- Good listener They should be a good listener not on only for the personal problem of each of the group member. But they also must be the good listener for group member during the decision making, especially during meeting. It is because the teammates might have good decision to make changes in for the group. By keeping mind open, the leader can come up with many ways to accomplish the goal. Focused The leader and their group must remind to keep on venture for the goals and mission. If they keep on stay together, hand in hand and keep concentration on what they aim, they wont get out from the track and the teammate will stay motivated and be productive to achieve the target. As a leader in the group, its theyre role to arrange the schedule in the term of time. Organized Team member can be motivated by a leader who is also organized. Its mean that the leader can set the tone for the team to make the group member be more motivated. Available At the time, most of the leader will be busy with their responsible. However, in any circumstances leader must find the time to communicate of interact with their team. One way to do this is to set the frequent group of meeting. From this way leader can prevent from the problem that the group might be exist. Include Others The worst thing for leader do is do all the job or tasks. Leader should not do the entire job because it might prevent the leader venture from growing beside of poor use of time. As an alternative, leader should work with one of the teammates and learn to representative the responsibility at the same time being aware of everyones interests, goals, and strengths. Decisive Beside of listening to other people, sometime leader cant be able to compromise because of term and condition that might be face in the future. However, even this thing might be happen, leader must afraid or hesitate to make final decision even some of the team member wont agree with the decision that will be make. Confident It is the most important character that must be in the leader. The teammate can believe the leader because of the leader believing them. Dedicated, intelligent and proud of what of hat are they doing from inner and outside look must be in them also to make sure the teammates wont doubt to believe the leader. EXAMPLE OF LEADER There are many of people born with blood of leader but of them are not. However, for those who are not born with the leader blood, most of them dont stop and stare. The example of good leader is a leader thats not tyrant. Usually good leader always encourage the team member to follow and to work effectively. The leader who are in effect typically dont demand, instead they encourage. A few leaders had born in Malaysia. Namely Abdul Rahman, Abdul Razak, Hussein Onn, Mahathir Mohamad, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and NajibRazak. For this task, I will take the last prophet of Islam, named Muhammad ibnu Abdullah. About Muhammad Muhammad ibnu Abdullah is the name. He had known as Muhammad. He was born on 20th of April in the year of elephant, 12 Rabiulawal according to Islamic calendar. Based on holy Quran, he accepted he accepted his revelation on August 16th, 610 century, same as Ramadan 17th and it is surah Al-Alaq. Once he accepts, he officially appointed as a prophet when he was in the age of 40 years old and 6 month. After he accepted, he runs the propaganda in two ways, in confidentially in 3 years. Thenhe runs it openly. During the open propaganda was running, resistance from the pagans until he felt very disappointed and make him migrated Mecca to Medina. Then, the migration bear result, he succeed build country which been respected and sovereign. He had deemed as the best example as in the moral that have thought from the holy Quran. The Leadership of Muhammad. He has been a leader in almost all category of life such as political leader, religion, economy planner, chief judge, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He was appointed as leader because of his leadership qualities that apparently. One of his leadership qualities is Shidiq in Arabic, its means truth in English. Because every action or decision that make by the leader is to achieve of being high quality leadership. In Arabic can be trusted means Mandate. Since he was young, he was called as Al-Amin (mandate) because he always can be trusted. Even a pagan recognizes about his honesty and mandate. Can people imagine during his time ifhe cant be trust how the world now? Intelligent is also one of the leadership characteristic in him, its meanfathonah in Arabic. A leader must be intelligent in almost everything to have a good management. Last but not listed, anchor or in Arabic call it as tablig. In addition to the three attributes mentioned previously, a leader must know how to perform, communicate and interact to people with all the good that has been taken like the way Muhammad do. Besides, the people of Muhammad must understand and fathom about how important the bounty is and how the influence of him to the people. CONCLUSION. In the simplest and the small scale, we are the leader of ourselves. Lets take the story of other people who are experience more about life as example, inspiration and role model as well to become a better person and good, high quality of leadership.

Do Men and Women Experience Pain Differently? :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Do Men and Women Experience Pain Differently? Pain has been an under-researched area of medicine, but today physicians are increasingly interested in the workings and treatment of various types of pain. In particular, a growing body of research exists on the different ways in which men and women may experience pain and the implications of these differences for medical treatment. Does the sex of an individual make a difference in their pain experience? Numerous researchers believe that women are more sensitive to pain than men, while others believe that the differences between the pain experiences of men and women are not significant. Over the course of my research I found that part of the problem in trying to answer the question lies in how scientists measure the pain experience of men and women. The difference in the pain experience of men and women is an understudied area because most previous studies of pain and its potential treatments have only used men or male animals. For scientists, using only males was simpler since women have reproductive hormone cycles that could complicate the studies. The implication of this, of course, is that sex differences in the experience of pain (and in many other aspects of health) has remained an understudied area. However, in 1993 President Clinton signed the NIH Revitalization Act, which requires the inclusion of women in NIH research. In 1996 the NIH formed a Pain Research Consortium, and in 1998 the NIH held a conference entitled "Gender and Pain" (1). At the NIH conference, some researchers argued that sex differences in pain are substantial and argued specifically that women are more sensitive to pain. For example, women report pain more often and also report it at higher levels than men. Additionally, when men and women are exposed to the same pain stimulus, women will say that they are in pain more quickly than men (1). However, others believe that sex differences in the experience of pain may not be so significant. The higher reported pain levels of women may be due more to gender socialization than to biological differences between men and women. For example, in most laboratory pain studies women report about twenty percent more pain than men (2). However, researchers at the University of Florida examined pain reporting of chronic pain patients in a clinical setting and found that women reported only three to ten percent more pain than men, a significantly smaller difference.

How Management has changed with respect to Globalization

Various things have and will persist to amend the practice of management. Advancing expertise, changing demographics, immense diversity in the workforce, and globalization are just some of the changes facing managers at present. These factors will persist to change the methods in which management runs. The globe now is not the world that subsisted years back. Globalization has fetched gigantic changes to the world of commerce and it has changed loads of sides of the management world (Palpacuer, 2006). Today’s globalization is disparate from what has gone earlier for two rationales. First is technological, the acceleration of interactions. Many communications expansions have been occurring more than the preceding half-century, but the current momentum of change, the magnification of capacity for information diffusion and the dissemination of communications media have not been experienced in the past. The other is a shift in the policy setting: liberalization uprising, an opening of markets and lessening in the part of government in terms of rights and command over manufacturing of goods and services (Feenstra, 1998). Corporations nowadays can arrive at customers in every country and can cut overheads via global production and allotment systems. Managements experience regular change, extreme competition, and amplified customer expectation, which formulates it progressively challenging for an organization to uphold its competitive border. These days, flourishing managements must appraise the competitive background and kit out their organizations with the tactics, configurations, and workers to compete in a frequently changing milieu (Swain, 1999). Globalization has changed new criteria, and every management must be ready to meet this transform by exploiting the aptitudes of leadership and communication, plus the capability to lead his or her industry through any sort of change. References Feenstra, R.C. (1998), Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12, pp.33-34. Palpacuer, F. (2006), Globalization and Corporate Governance: Issues for Management Researchers, Society and Business Review, Vol. 1 No. 1, p. 49. Swain, P. (1999), Organizational Learning: Developing Leaders to Deal With Continuous Change – A Strategic Human Resource Perspective, The Learning Organization, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 32-33.

Information and Geography of United Arab Emirates

Information and Geography of United Arab Emirates Population: 4,975,593 (July 2010 estimate)Capital: Abu DhabiBordering Countries: Oman and Saudi ArabiaArea: 32,278 square miles (83,600 sq km)Coastline: 819 miles (1,318 km)Highest Point: Jabal Yibir at 5,010 feet (1,527 m)United Arab Emirates is a country located on the eastern side of the Arabian Peninsula. It has coastlines along the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf and it shares borders with Saudi Arabia and Oman. It is also located near the country of Qatar. United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation that was originally formed in 1971. The country is known as being one of the wealthiest and most developed in western Asia. Formation of United Arab Emirates According to the United States Department of State, UAE was originally formed by a group of organized sheikhdoms that lived on the Arabian Peninsula along the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. These sheikdoms were known to have constantly been in dispute with one another and as a result, constant raids on ships the area was called the Pirate Coast by traders in the 17th and early 19th centuries.In 1820, a peace treaty was signed by the areas sheikhs in order to protect shipping interests along the coast. Raiding of ships continued until 1835 however, and in 1853 a treaty was signed between the sheikhs (Trucial Sheikhdoms) and the United Kingdom which established a perpetual maritime truce (US Department of State). In 1892 the U.K. and the Trucial Sheikhdoms signed another treaty that forged a closer relationship between Europe and the present-day UAE region. In the treaty, the Trucial Sheikhdoms agreed not to give away any of their land unless it went to the U.K. and i t established that the sheikhs would not begin new relationships with other foreign nations without first discussing it with the U.K. The U.K. then promised to provide military support to the sheikhdoms if needed.Throughout the mid 20th-century, there were several border disputes between the UAE and neighboring countries. In addition in 1968, the U.K. decided to end the treaty with the Trucial Sheikhdoms. As a result, the Trucial Sheikhdoms, along with Bahrain and Qatar (which were also being protected by the U.K.), tried to form a union. However they were unable to agree with each other so in the summer of 1971, Bahrain and Qatar became independent nations. On December 1 of the same year, the Trucial Sheikhdoms became independent when the treaty with the U.K. expired. On December 2, 1971, six of the former Trucial Sheikhdoms formed the United Arab Emirates. In 1972, Ras al-Khaimah became the seventh to join. Government of United Arab Emirates Today the UAE is considered a federation of seven emirates. The country has a federal president and prime minister which makes up its executive branch but each emirate also has a separate ruler (called an emir) who controls the local government. The UAEs legislative branch is made up of a unicameral Federal National Council and its judicial branch is made up of the Union Supreme Court. The seven emirates of the UAE are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Ash Shariqah, Dubai, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al Qaywayn. Economics and Land Use in United Arab Emirates The UAE is considered one of the wealthiest nations in the world and it has a high per capita income. Its economy is based on oil but recently the government has begun programs to diversify its economy. Today the main industries of UAE are petroleum and petrochemicals, fishing, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, commercial ship repair, construction materials, boat building, handicrafts, and textiles. Agriculture is also important to the country and the main products produced are dates, various vegetables, watermelon, poultry, eggs, dairy products,  and fish. Tourism and the related services are also a large part of UAEs economy. Geography and Climate of United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates is considered a part of the Middle East and it is located on the Arabian Peninsula. It has a varied topography and in its eastern portions but much of the rest of the country consists of flat lands, sand dunes,  and large desert areas. In the east there are mountains and UAEs highest point, Jabal Yibir at 5,010 feet (1,527 m), is located here.The climate of UAE is desert, although it is cooler in the eastern areas at higher elevations. As a desert, UAE is hot and dry year round. The countrys capital, Abu Dhabi, has an average January low temperature of 54ËšF (12.2ËšC) and an average August high temperature of 102Ëš (39ËšC). Dubai is slightly hotter in the summer with an average August high temperature of 106ËšF (41ËšC). More Facts About United Arab Emirates UAEs official language is Arabic but English, Hindi, Urdu,  and Bengali are also spoken 96% of the population of UAE are Muslim while a small percentage is Hindu or Christian UAEs literacy rate is 90% Sources: Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). United Arab Emirates: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108074.htmlUnited States Department of State. United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htmWikipedia.com. United Arab Emirates - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates

Puritans vs. Pilgrims essays

Puritans vs. Pilgrims essays The most obvious difference between the Pilgrims and the Puritans is that the Puritans had no intention of breaking with the Anglican church. The Puritans were nonconformists as were the Pilgrims, both of which refusing to accept an authority beyond that of the revealed word. But where with the Pilgrims this had translated into something closer to an egalitarian mode, the Puritans considered religion a very complex, subtle, and highly intellectual affair, and its leaders thus were highly trained scholars, whose education tended to translate into positions that were often authoritarian. Puritans wanted to remain as part of the English establishment, working for biblical reform from within. Even as they emigrated to New England, they affirmed their Englishness and saw the main purpose of their new colony as being that of a biblical witness, a city on a hill which would set an example of biblical righteousness in church and state of Old England and the entire world to see. As deeply committed covenant theologians, they emphasized especially strongly the corporate righteousness of their entire community before God. Pilgrims wanted to reformations without tarrying, even if it meant separating from their church and their nation. While they continued to think of themselves as English, their emphasis was on their new political identity and spiritual identity. Because of their passionate commitment to the necessity of reformation immediate and without compromise, they emphasized especially strongly individual righteousness before God. They both thought that God alone must be the glory, and, in their different ways, they sought to bring every action-religious, political, social-captive to him. ...

My First Speech Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My First Speech Experience - Essay Example Within the next few paragraphs I shall look into what makes for a well structured speech and the other aspects of speech delivery that I can improve upon. My critique shall help to answer the following questions: 1. How did I prepare for my speech? How did I feel as I delivered the speech in front of the class? 2. What were my weak and strong points? 3. What would I do differently next time I deliver a speech? I chose to prepare for my speech by memorizing the content. I felt that by doing so I would be able to maintain eye contact with my audience and quite possibly lessen the nervousness that I would be feeling by being able to lock my eyes onto a particular target and concentrate on the target in the audience to help ease my tension. There was however, one drawback to my memorizing the whole speech. Once I got distracted and lost track of my thoughts, I froze and was almost unable to continue with my speech as I had to quickly start over the speech silently in my head so I could continue from what I felt was the point where I stopped. In order to prepare for the actual delivery of my speech, I spent numerous hours preparing by practicing my delivery in front of my classmates. I also made it a point to rehearse with a classmate from my speech class. He recorded my delivery and we reviewed the material after I delivered my speech in order to find my weak points then we went back and worked on those target areas for further improvement.

Aggragate at Risk, Teen Pregnancy, Connersville IN, Fayette County Essay

Aggragate at Risk, Teen Pregnancy, Connersville IN, Fayette County - Essay Example According to the 2010 census, the population of Connersville was estimated to be 12,282. At the same time, Connersville contained 5,573 housing units. In addition, the township covers an area of 32.77 square miles, which is equivalent to 84.9Â  km2. (Census, 2013). Students in the area, as young as those in the eight grade get pregnant (FRHS, 2013). Teen pregnancy often leads to a lot of hardships for the mother who is yet to finish her education, to those who take care of the toddlers such as grandparents or babysitters. In addition, babies require a lot of expenses. The rise in teen pregnancy can be attributed to various factors. In light of this, Connersville is widely affected by poverty, lack of employment and the lack of education. Most of the teens that are affected by teen pregnancies are from families that are affected by some of these problems. It is anticipated that more job opportunities in Connersville would contribute greatly in bringing more businesses to the town leading to a reduction in poverty. Since the shutdown of Visteon, business has tremendously gone down. On the other hand, lack of teen pregnancy control could be attributed to the lack of education in Connersville. The lack of employment and businesses has a direct imp act on the levels of income leading to the underutilization of education in the region. It is in this context that Coley and Chase-Lansdale (1998) acknowledged that teen pregnancies are as high as the levels of poverty. There is, thus, a great need for jobs and education for the entire population (FRHS, 2013) If the Township could incorporate more activities or even fun places for students, the rate of teen pregnancy would be lower. Sex education and the physical as well as emotional risks that are associated with teen sex need to be taught in high schools. According to FRHS (2013), Counties that offer education on the risks involved as well as safe sex have lower pregnancy rates. The FamilyScape

Ideas Critique on Ian Watt's The Rise of the Novel Assignment

Ideas Critique on Ian Watt's The Rise of the Novel - Assignment Example Firstly, Watt investigates the characteristics of the novel and the realism; he argues that realism tries to show several sides of human experience related to the external world. Watt explains Descartes point of view of the realism by defining the truth as an individual matter, which makes novel reflect individualism and innovation compared to previous literary works. Secondly, according to Watt there are no traditional plots in novels; Richardson and Defoe were the first writers to ignore a plot based on mythology or history for example, which at that time was different from authors with traditional plots such as Shakespeare or Milton. Furthermore, he describes the importance of the description in the narrative; in order to make the novel realistic as possible; the author needs to be capable of accomplishing a concrete demonstration of characterization, present a cohesive background and to be attentive to the individualization of the characters. Thirdly, he explains that before the realism, names were used in a non- particular way, and the novel establishes names as common names that can also indicate information about a character. He also argues about the role of the time, space, and place to individualize each character; how they create a cohesive structure to a plot, also the correlation between representation and reality. Finally, Watt explains the semantic role of the narrative, how the prose style gives a completely authenticity to the realistic novel. This piece of writing by Watt is quite illuminating in the sense that it records the development of novel as a separate entity from earlier prose that did not center on individualism. Rather they provided an objective view of the situation. The presentation and ideas of Watt offer a deep understanding of how the novel emerged and how the attitudes and society were changing to give birth to a new literary form- the novel. However, the ideas presented by Watt are just an initial study of how the novel develo ped since Watt does not include certain aspects of the development of novel or rather he misjudges the chronology of events. In my opinion, the presentation developed by Watt takes into account a myriad of changes occurring in the society. Watt takes into account the changing attitude of the people which was more attuned to realism and changed from a God centric view to a human centric view. Along with this, Watt also discusses how the printing press and changing London society supported the rise of novels. What makes Watt’s work authentic is the fact that Watt backs up his claims by repeatedly consulting with three different authors- Richardson, Fielding and Defoe. He not just refers to their writings but also the evaluation of their writings. He focuses more on Richardson, given that Richardson was among the pioneers of the novels and it was his novel that later inspired other novels developed not just during that time but also quite later on. According to Watt, a literary piece of writing cannot exist without taking into account the cultural and intellectual factors that shape the society when a particular piece is produced. The novel in this case, falls into the same dimensions. The rise of novel occurred when the society in England was changing towards realism, that is, it was becoming more individualistic. Gone were the days when the characters in the piece were presented for the benefit of the audience. For instance, in plays the character obscured into the unknown when they were not present on the stage or in a particular scene (Watt, 442). However, in a novel, the readers become

Pro Capital Punishment Essay Example for Free

Pro Capital Punishment Essay According to my research there are some people who believe the death penalty is right just because it is safer to end one condemned life than to risk the lives of other innocent people. The death penalty is most commonly legal only for the most extreme cases, such as premeditated murder. Even in the event of murder, out of the 15,000 committed each year, we are only now reaching the 1,000 execution mark after thirty years! This plainly shows that those who may be pro capital punishment still use it sparingly. Also backing up the belief for using capital punishment are numerous stories of murderers who, after being released from prison, simply killed again. One such account reads, â€Å"In 1985, 13-year-old Karen Patterson was shot to death in her bed in North Charleston, S.C. Her killer was a neighbor who had already served 10 years of a life sentence for murdering his half-brother Charles in 1970. The murderer, Joe Atkins, cut the Pattersons phone lines, then entered bearing a machete, a sawed-off shotgun, and a pistol. Karens parents were chased out of their home by Atkins. Karens mom ran to the Atkins home nearby, where Joe then murdered his adopted father, Benjamin Atkins, 75, who had worked to persuade parole authorities to release Joe from the life sentence.† Other accounts show that a life sentence simply is not always enough to stop a person from repeating their crimes. â€Å"In 1965, Robert Massie murdered mother of two Mildred Weiss in San Gabriel, Calif., during a follow-home robbery. Hours before execution, a stay was issued so Massie could testify against his accomplice. Massies sentence was commuted to life when the Supreme Court halted executions in 1972. Receiving an undeserved second chance, Massie was paroled, but eight months later robbed and murdered businessman Boris Naumoff in San Francisco.† From a religious standpoint a religion that does endorse capital punishment under certain circumstances is Islam. According to the Qu’ran in Al’ Ma’idah 5:33 â€Å"The punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His messenger and strive to make corruption (Fasad) in the land is only this, that they should be murdered or crucified or their hands and their feet should be cut off on opposite sides or they should be banished from the land; this shall be as a disgrace for them in this world, and in the hereafter they shall have a grievous chastisement† This shows that they believe in the death penalty for those who simply cause corruption or bring disgrace upon Islam, especially if the perpetrator is a former Muslim. The other justification for the death penalty, according to Islam, is murder. If anyone kills a person unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land it would be as if he killed all people. And if anyone saves a life, it would be as if he saved the life of all people (Quran 5:32). This obviously states that murderers should undergo the same penalty as the crime they commited. My personal beliefs about capital punishment are fairly in the middle of the road. On the one hand I do not believe it is sinful for criminals to be put to death, as the Bible clearly endorsed the idea in the Old Testament In Genesis 9:6 it says â€Å" Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.† The New Testament of course contains more of the â€Å"grace† approach and therefore I tend to lean more that way. Although even in the New Testament the Bible states in Romans 13: 4 â€Å" For he ( the police, judges, etc.) is the minister of God to thee for good. But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid; for he beareth not the sword in vain, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil.† Clearly this endorses capital punishment for evildoers. On the other hand, people in America are judged as guilty by a group of people who do their best but can hardly be 100% sure on their verdict. Human error may cause and no doubt has caused some innocent people to be condemned to death while some of the guilty roam free among us. That makes me uneasy, and is very disturbing. But is that a legitimate reason to do away with the death penalty? That is a hard question to answer, but I believe the answer is no. I believe there are certain cases where capital punishment is absolutely necessary, but I have to say that I would not want to be the one who makes that decision. How do you judge which life is more valuable than another? The other question has to do with whether or not capital punishment is truly a deterrent to others from committing crimes. There are strong arguments on both sides of that question but it is hard to judge when because of the appeals process and other delays and red tape, only a small percentage of those sentenced ever get put to death. I refer back to the fact that only about 1000 people have been executed during the last 30 years when there have been nearly half a million murders in America! So the argument that capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime carries no weight to me. Therefore, it is still my personal belief that capital punishment should be used, with discretion, after a fair trial, and in certain cases, but I also believe that once the decision has been made, it should be executed with much greater speed. Death row shouldn’t be a mile long. I believe that once the judge has given the sentence, there should be a much faster process to the day of execution. I hate the thought of an innocent person being executed, but even worse are the hundreds of thousands of victims who are left without feeling that justice was done for their loved ones and the millions who are at risk because of the leniency of our justice system. My partner and I got along quite well. We had an easy time discussing our material and he was not difficult to deal with. He spent the time given researching, and kept in touch with me to review our presentations. When we met the next day, he was there at the time agreed upon and +wasn’t full of complaints, which I appr eciate. Brandon is a good partner and I would work with him again.

Lighting Techniques Used In Murder My Sweet Film Studies Essay

Lighting Techniques Used In Murder My Sweet Film Studies Essay The visual effects performed in various film noirs was not to give the viewer the perception of an ordinary setting, but to provide a visual manifestation of terror and abnormality into human emotion through twisted plots and camera techniques. The plot is twisted and complex, taking the viewer into dark, terrorizing, and incomprehensible place. The camera techniques used in the visuals seen in Murder My Sweet instills these feelings, which are common in horror films. Art cannot be rushed and cinematographer Harry Wild had a nightmarish vision for this piece, to invoke fear and chills into everyone who watched it (Dmytryk Chandler, 1944). The visual motifs seen across all film noir are filled with the lighting and shadow effects needed to consume the viewer with moods of paranoia, phobia, and despair. Such attributes are acknowledged in an article by Janey Place and Lowell Peterson; Some Visual Motifs of Film Noir. Nearly every attempt to define film noir has agreed that visual style is the consistent thread that unites the very diverse films that together comprise this phenomenon. These moods could not be created just by reading the script alone; the effects desired results wound not happen. The lighting and shadows in Murder My Sweet are typical among the horror genre. The opening sequence in the movie takes the common creation of shadows and bright light a little further with low key lighting. This technique creates a deep shadow effect which is a key tool to produce a character that is mysterious and unknown. The use of low key lighting is not uncommon among film noir, but Murder My Sweet takes it to the extreme. Other noirs like The Big Sleep and Detour utilize the same technique, but to a lesser extent resulting in a more gray monotone-like image. It all boils down to the narrative reasons, and the usage in the opening sequence makes clear to the audience that the person is crucial and sets the tone in which the viewer interprets the rest of the film. Philip Marlowe, the main character, is shown with consistency throughout the film. His facial expressions are barely visible because the majority of his face is always in deep shadow. He has just enough light to give the impression to the viewer that he is hardcore and tough; existing in life with very little emotion. By using this type of lighting, the character gets situated such that he appears to be trapped or lost in a nightmare (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). In the article, Towards a Definition of Film Noir, Borde and Chaumetom uses qualities like nightmarish, weird, and cruel as pivotal. These qualities are encompassed in the film and define Marlowes character; as can be seen by the way he is lit or visually manifested. The lighting schemes used on Philip Marlowe are in direct contrast with the ones used on the female characters in the film. Not only are they in contrast with Marlowe, but also with female characters in other films; the soft diffused lighting in melodrama. This is easily noticeable in the opening sequence when Moose Malloy questions the woman in the bar. She is just sitting in direct hard light with no shadow at all. To achieve the desired results of the scene, the bright lighting gives the illusion that she is in some sort of interrogation room. The shadows in the movie suggest mystery and secrecy, so by using high key lighting, all shadows are eliminated. The way she is lit or visually manifested is to set the record straight that she has nothing to hide and does not know anything with regard to the whereabouts of Mooses girlfriend (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). Jessie Florian, the second female in the first sequence, carry a little bit more shadow than the girl in the bar, but still much brighter than Marlowe. When Marlowe interrogates her at her apartment, his lighting is still deep in this setting but she is not as lit up as much. In contrast to the woman in the bar, the light shadow gives the impression that Jessie might be a little mysterious or hiding something. Though her face has a light shadow, her face is fully visible, allowing the viewer to see facial expression and think about her motive. A little snippet is when Marlowe peaks through the window after leaving to verify if she was drunk or not; she was not drunk and unsuccessful in deceiving him (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). The lighting and shadow differences of male and female characters continue throughout the film. The extremes and exaggerations of light and dark, low key, indicate the level of mystery of the character; in Marlowes case, nightmarish. Murder My Sweet transforms these normal people into twisted people living in a dark world with dark events. Borde and Chaumetom discuss the removal of physiological reference points to take consume the viewer, to take the viewer away from reality. The lighting techniques of the characters are not the only tellers of the story, the physical locations of the events are telling as well. What is so interesting is that the mood s tends to be consistently different in interior and exterior locations. The interiors of My Murder Sweet are not safe, secure, and warm. They are shot in a way that seems chilling, creepy, and ominous; filled with blinding light and deep shadows. The intent is to instill fear into the viewer that something terrible is about to happen (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). Even the darkest character, Marlowe, appears scared in his own office. His feelings of unease are amplified by the lighting. While in his office, he is shot or framed close up cutting out much of the office. By cropping out the rest of the office and the ominous setting created by the lighting, there is a feeling that he is not alone and that he is not in control. This chill can be seen when Marlowe sees Malloys reflection while staring out of the window. The sudden surprise along with no noises announcing his arrival scares him (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). The exterior scenes provide a much different feeling; it is more subdued with few high contrast areas. This lighting scheme, along with voice over moments, makes Marlowe feel more relaxed. The voice overs are monologues about drawing conclusions on events which have happened thus far or contemplating his next move; giving the impression that he is on top of the situation. Interior shots are consistently of close-ups, the exterior shots are created such that there is much more space. Marlowe is no longer in a boxed in setting, the wide framing allows the viewer to see much more of the scene (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). These dynamics of space pertain to all characters, but Marlowes character is the most common. Not only how the characters are represented in both dark films and horror films like Murder My Sweet are very important in setting tone, how the movie is pieced together is crucial as well. How the elements are tied together is a special craft that cannot be overlooked. Film editor Joseph Noriega was truly an artist who made a mark film noir (Mubi Online Cinema, n.d.). The movie follows the classic Hollywood structure with spatial and temporal progressions and flashbacks, but the shot to shot editing is highly irregular, as can be seen in the opening interrogation when the shots of Marlowe blindfolded are pieced together into a circular motion (Murder, My Sweet (1944), n.d.). The purpose of this style of editing is to not allow the viewer to relax. The constant chills and paranoia felt by the viewer can only be achieved through the use visual techniques, settings, and unsettling characters. Murder My Sweet uses a dark and twisted plot to take the viewer to an alternate reality that is very uncomfortable. In his book The Dark Side of the Screen, Forest Hirsch says American films gravitate toward a neutral rendering of a recognizable physical reality rather than toward the delirious inner landscapes, the overwrought transmutations, of full-fledged expressionism. The camera techniques, the sounds, mise-en-scene, and editing produces an environment that is nightmarish from beginning to end.

Essay --

Government type: Republic Capital: Suva Geographic coordinates: 18 08 S, 178 25 E Time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) Daylight saving time: +1hr, begins fourth Sunday in October; ends third Sunday in January Legal system: the legal system of Fiji is similar to the Canadian system. National holiday: Independence Day, second Monday of October (1970) Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal Administrative Divisions: 4 divisions and 1 dependency*; Central, Eastern, Northern, Rotuma*, Wester Fiji is an island, which demonstrated get value and potential this can be shown through theirs Government system. Fiji government was formed in 1970; its legal system is similar to the English government. The three branches of government that make up Fiji are the Executive branch Legislative branch and the judicial branch. Each branch of government takes care of a specific part. The executive branch takes care of the law being made in Fiji. These laws are made and appointed by President Ratu Epeli NAILATIKAU. The Legislative branch acts to amend and repea...

Analysis of a Copper Sulfate Sample Essay

The purpose of this experiment is to find the empirical formula of a hydrous copper sulfate sample and the amount of water in the sample. This whole process will be determined in three different experiments. Procedure: Experiment 1 – Percentage of water in sample. The percentage of water in hydrous copper sulfate was determined. Clean, dry and weight the crucible then add sample of hydrous copper sulfate and reweigh crucible. Heat the sample until it becomes white, which indicates that the water was removed. Let the crucible cool, then reweigh. Repeat until there is a constant temperature. Experiment 2 – Percentage of copper in water in sample. Next the percentage of copper in the hydrous copper sulfate needs to be determined. Clean the glassware then get four 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks with 25 mL of the stock solution and aqueous solvent. Prepare all the unknown sample solutions for determining Beer’s Law Graph. Turn on colorimeter at 100% T then calibrate. Get the data and analyze it if it is correct. Experiment 3 – Percentage of sulfate in sample. Weight out the sample and dissolve it. Heat it and then slowly add the precipitating agent. Heat it for about 30 minutes while assembling the filtering device. Heat the aluminum pan with the filter, cool and then weigh it. Filter out barium sulfate solution, dry out filter and weight the sample and filter. Heat and weigh repeating until it is constant. Discussion and Errors: The main error that occurred was that my partner and I entered the wrong numbers in the Concentration section resulting in incorrect data. We put the incorrect concentration levels and we had no time to correct it. Everything in the calculation of the empirical formula came out precise though, with such little error. My highest error percent was Water with 1.5% which could have just been that I didn’t burn it enough.

How to Get Your CDL in West Virginia and Wisconsin

How to Get Your CDL in West Virginia and Wisconsin This article is useful for anyone who wants to get a CDL in West Virginia or Wisconsin. If you want to learn about earning a CDL at other states, we have put together a comprehensive guide on how to get a commercial driver’s license in every state of the country. West VirginiaYou need a CDL if you are going to drive:Any vehicle combination with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001+ pounds, as long as the GVWR of the towed vehicle(s) is over 10,000 pounds. (Class A)A single vehicle with a GVRW of 26,001+ pounds; or  this vehicle towing another that is less than 10,000 pounds. (Class B)A vehicle with a weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds,  or such a vehicle towing another that is less than 10,000 pounds:  Vehicles that are designed for 16 passengers or more, including the driver, and  Vehicles used to transport hazardous materials.  (Class C)In order to obtain a CDL:You must be at least 18 years old and have 2 years of driving experience.You must  meet specific physical qualification standards and carry a medical certificate to show evidence of such qualification.If you are unable to become medically certified, you may be eligible for a medical waiver.The ExamsAll applicants must take either a written or oral knowledge test and pass  and answer at least 80% of the questions correctly.  You must test for the desired endorsements you have listed on the test card at the time you test for general knowledge, but you may get a test card for other endorsements at a later date if you wish to add them.If you fail the knowledge exam, you may not retest for 7 days. You may try to pass the exam three times on the original fees.After you pass the written exams, you will receive a commercial driver’s instruction permit. Only after you have your learner’s permit can you then take your road (skills) tests.After you pass your road tests, you can then receive your CDL.WisconsinIf you are going to drive any of the following vehicl es, you must obtain a CDL:Vehicles that weigh 26,000+ pounds, determined by the highest of the following:manufacturer’s gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)manufacturer’s gross combination weight rating (GCWR) when the towed unit has a GVWR, registered weight, or gross weight of  10,000+ poundsactual weightregistered weightA vehicle carrying hazardous materials that require placarding under federal lawA vehicle designed or used to carry 16+ people, including the driverThe ExamsFirst, you must take and pass the appropriate knowledge test(s) for the vehicle you plan to drive.CDL knowledge tests are free, and take take at least 1 to 1.5 hours to complete. You must answer  80%+ questions correctly to pass.  You must present a valid Class D license at the time of testing.After you pass the knowledge exam, you can obtain your  Commercial Driver Learner permit (CLP).  Your CLP will be valid for 180 days. You can use a  CLP to practice driving with a qualified instru ctor or CDL driver  who has  a valid license at or above the level of your permit.You must hold a CLP  for 14 days prior to taking your road test(s).After you schedule and pass the pre-trip, backing test and skills test(s) with an approved third party tester, you can receive your CDL.

Skinners Operant Behaviour essays

Skinners Operant Behaviour essays "Reproduction was itself a first consequence, and it led, through natural selection, to the evolution of cells, organs, and organisms which reproduced themselves under increasingly diverse conditions. What we call behavior evolved as a set of functions furthering the interchange between organism and environment." -B.F. Skinner, Selection by Consequences- Known to some as the most influential American psychologist, B.F. Skinner was born in 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. Attempting to further psychology's quest for an accurate and comprehensive science of the mind, he produced some very rational and innovative writings; tackling problems that have stumped mankind since the beginning. We will examine his philosophies on the evolution of behaviour through selection by consequences. Around 1920, behaviourists seemed to have established what they thought made sense of human behaviour by composing them into two laws. The first explains the unconditioned reflexes that produce involuntary reactions by our bodies. Direct actions that bypass consideration, also known as biological wiring. The second law explained the phenomena of conditioned reflexes that, although aren't part of our original reflexes, can be learned and stored into memory. Similar to the first law but it included new reflexes such as Pavlov's dog salivating when the associated bell was rung. Although these laws made perfect sense, they were found to be lacking. They didn't, and couldn't, explain manifestations of new responses to old stimuli. How did they plan on explaining new inspiration or goal-oriented action of any kind if all we do is react in the same way to stimuli every time? How did a soccer player first conceive of trying to put a corner kick directly into the net if it had never been done before? How did Beethoven write music if he had no stimuli to respond to? Why did Ghandi go on a hunger strike if his natural response was to eat wh...

Pilgrim Houses essays

Pilgrim Houses essays Pilgrim workers built the houses. The men were the only people that built the houses. The houses on Plymouth Plantation were made out of logs, hay, rocks, wood and mud. The houses in Plymouth Plantation were built close together for safety reasons. A fence enclosed the plantation and the men had to take turns watching over the plantation. Pilgrim houses were always one-room houses with an attic that they needed a ladder to get in. This one room was called the keeping room because they kept everything in there. Everybody lived in the keeping room. The keeping room had the fireplace where they cooked all their food and kept themselves warm. The baking was done in community ovens that were shared by several families. All the familys beds were also in this one room. Everybody had his or her own bed. Some beds were really fancy and even had curtains around them. This curtain gave each person some privacy and helped keep the Pilgrims warm at night. Some beds were made out of bags stuffed with scratchy straw and some were made out of bags stuffed with soft feathers. The keeping room also had the eating table, benches around the table, and cupboards to keep their clothes and food. All the furniture was made out of wood and animal skins. This was pretty much all the furniture in the house because the whole family had to live in this one room house. There was no bathroom in the house. Everybody went in the outhouse that was on the outside of the house. Many families shared the outhouse. The basic frame of each house was oak although other hardwoods such as beech could be for minor members. The roofs were generally thatched with reeds or straw, although there may have been some shingled structures. The walls were of wattle and daub, woven supports made of split wood or saplings that were plastered over with a mixture of clay, sand and straw. Without lime the daub walls washed away in winter storms, so they sheathed the walls w...

Nespresso Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nespresso - Essay Example The company has numerous opportunities, which range from expansion of its markets to progression of its sales as more people continue to buy its capsules. Discussion Internal Environment of Nespresso Nespresso has continued to record profits since 2001. This success is because coffee is among the most traded commodities on the world markets. Particularly, markets such as the French market are worth Billions of Euros and the country has been producing tones of the commodity. At Nespresso, the capsules segment has continued to increase as Seifert, Leleux, & Tucci (2008, p. 64) indicate that the year 2005 saw an increase by 57% and 56% in volume and value respectively. Moreover, since 2005, Nespresso’s market has grown by a wide margin annually. This progress can be partly attributed to the fact the machines used at Nespresso are capable of producing real espresso. According to Kourdi (2009, p. 79), the numerous chain outlets under Nespresso are currently competing with Italian b rands such as Segrafredo and Illy or players such as Columbus coffee and Starbucks coffee. The adoption of club Nespresso has catered for the provision of personalized advice on a 24/7 schedule with customers being informed about how to maintain the machines and use the products. Furthermore, Nespresso has adopted a sales channel, which has been widely used to order capsules, accessories and machines and guarantees delivery of Nespresso products within a few working days. Nespresso has a hotline that addresses technical issues and operates daily. Technicians at Nespresso provide assistance regarding return of machines, repairs, after-sales issues and replacement. Nespresso provides special services to companies that chose to install machines in their offices. This service is also provided to restaurants, hotels, airlines and luxury goods stores that serve customers with Nespresso. Nespresso has continued to enjoy success due to personalized services like follow-ups, which it offers to its customers. This service depends on the amount of coffee bought by the customer. Nespresso also sends reminder emails to the customer in case it thinks that the customer is about to run out of supply. Moreover, people who buy Nespresso machines automatically become members of the Nespresso club (Eigenhuis & Dijk, 2007, p. 28). Nespresso’s internal environment has also been characterized by weaknesses. Some of the weaknesses include decline in coffee consumption amongst the young population. Cronin (2010, p. 89) indicates that over the last decade coffee prices have experienced a slump. Moreover, the producers receive minimal proceeds from the sale of coffee given that intermediaries take unjustified cuts. Some of these intermediaries are infamous for their unscrupulous business practices. Furthermore, the capsule system adopted by Nespresso is unfriendly to the environment. External Environment Nespresso has numerous opportunities as coffee is among the trendiest drink in the world. According to Seifert, Leleux, & Tucci (2008, p. 60), millions of cups are drunk every day. Given the superior quality being produced by Nespresso and its marketing strategy, the company will be able to expand and gain a huge market to further its operations. It has become a modern trend for social occasions and informal meetings to be avenues for drinking coffee. This is a good opportunity for Nespresso, as it will benefit immensely