Much Ado About Nothing Essay: An Exploration of Conformity

much(prenominal) Ado About Nothing as an Exploration of accordance In Shakespeares a lot Ado About Nothing, Beatrice and Benedict rant about marriage for some of the beginning of the play, while Claudio raves about how wonderful it will be being married to hero sandwich. Yet in the end, Claudio exchanges his marriage to Hero for an opportunity to bash her in public, while Beatrice and benedict marry despite that they were mortal enemies for most of the first virtuoso-third acts. How did the situation swing around to this class? Beatrice and Benedick had been using the most extreme metaphors to demonstrate their scorn of for each one other(a) and of marriage, and Claudio had been doing the selfsame(prenominal) to demonstrate his love of Hero. Not only did none of these three characters mean what they were saying, but meant the reverse, and the people that plotted to bring them together or pull them asunder plotted because they understood on some level what each really w anted. Beatrice and Benedick seem to have had some relationship before the beginning of the playscript that ended badly. This suggests that the initial situation between Beatrice and Benedick was one of mutual attraction, not of the overt hate they seem to flaunt at the beginning of the play. hate of this magnitude is rare among people who dislike each other from the start, and seems very unlikely in a broken up couple. In addition, both Beatrice and Benedick turned out to be very willing to withdraw from their smear campaigns as soon as they are convinced the other is aching for them. It is goofy that one would abandon ones own principals to bail out a hated enemy in trouble. This makes clear that their attitude toward each other is an act. If this is so, what is the purpose of the act... ...ther, and some kills an innocent woman. In a broader perspective, conformity can give way people walking aimlessly down the beaten path with no real oversight except conformity, doome d to live yet another hollow life in a society based on archaic principles. Works Cited and Consulted Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 361-365. Lewalski, B. K. Love, appearing and Reality Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968) 235-251. Prouty, Charles A. Conformity in Much Ado About Nothing. New York Books for Libraries Press/Yale University Press, 1980. Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing. William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. Much Ado About Nothing essay An Exploration of ConformityMuch Ado About Nothing as an Exploration of Conformity In Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing, Beatrice and Benedict rant about marriage for most of the beginning of the play, while Claudio raves about how wonderful it will be being married to Hero. Yet in the end, Claudio exchanges his m arriage to Hero for an opportunity to bash her in public, while Beatrice and Benedick marry despite that they were mortal enemies for most of the first three acts. How did the situation swing around to this degree? Beatrice and Benedick had been using the most extreme metaphors to demonstrate their scorn of each other and of marriage, and Claudio had been doing the same to demonstrate his love of Hero. Not only did none of these three characters mean what they were saying, but meant the reverse, and the people that plotted to bring them together or pull them apart plotted because they understood on some level what each really wanted. Beatrice and Benedick seem to have had some relationship before the beginning of the book that ended badly. This suggests that the initial situation between Beatrice and Benedick was one of mutual attraction, not of the overt hate they seem to flaunt at the beginning of the play. Scorn of this magnitude is rare among people who dislike each other from the start, and seems very unlikely in a broken up couple. In addition, both Beatrice and Benedick turned out to be very willing to abandon their smear campaigns as soon as they are convinced the other is aching for them. It is ridiculous that one would abandon ones own principals to bail out a hated enemy in trouble. This makes clear that their attitude toward each other is an act. If this is so, what is the purpose of the act... ...ther, and nearly kills an innocent woman. In a broader perspective, conformity can leave people walking aimlessly down the beaten path with no real direction except conformity, doomed to live yet another meaningless life in a society based on archaic principles. Works Cited and Consulted Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 361-365. Lewalski, B. K. Love, Appearance and Reality Much Ado About Something Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900 8 (1968) 235-251. Pr outy, Charles A. Conformity in Much Ado About Nothing. New York Books for Libraries Press/Yale University Press, 1980. Rossiter, A.P. Much Ado About Nothing. William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.

The Eye Of The World :: essays research papers

SettingThe setting of this story is a fantasy world, with your basic medieval background. It has magic, swordplay, large-scale armies on grassy plains, and a touch of technology. There is the big evil power off to the north somewhere that will apparently figure into the series five books down the road, and variant evil creatures that battle the good guys. The big good power cant interfere, so it lets the meager humans handle things. Men and women are each(prenominal) clearly defined, with each sex even having different kinds of magic. The guys go insane from theirs, and the women use their power to hunt down those men. CharacterThere are unlimited characters in this story, ranging from one-shot guards who die in obscurity, to the Really Big Monsters. All of them are chock full of personality and character, no matter their roles and life span. The main characters, those that resist long enough to be considered such, are as follows. There is Rand, a youth from a village who discov ers he has strange powers that will one daylight drive him insane. Egwene, from the same village, also has this power, but apparently the women dont go insane, and she will have to kill Rand. Naturally, there is a relationship amidst the two, one that will be put to the test. There are also Moiraine, a branch of elder witch, Lan, the big brawny swordsman, and a whole swerve of others that split up and go their separate ways in other books in the series. PlotThe plot follows several different people at once, start back and forth when you least expect it. The basic plot is this an evil entity, namely the antithesis of all that is good and pure, is trying to destroy the world and remake it in his own image. The Creator, a sort of god, has skip over him away for all eternity, but a hole is bored into his prison. The Creator uses several young people as his unwitting avatars in the struggle between good and evil. They run away from hideous monsters that chase them through this worl d, such as a trolloc, a sort of man-beast, and various others. They make their beleaguered way north, until a path is found to a source of ultimate power. In the end, this power is used for good, and the Evil darkness is bound away. Until the next book in the series It seems like your basic Light against Dark, Good vs.

Hamlet †Spiritual or Non-spiritual? :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Hamlet Spiritual or Non-spiritual? The spiritual dimension or place of the Shakespearean drama Hamlet is nearly quite as interesting as the non-spiritual aspect. This essay will explore the spirituality in its various dimensions. R.A. Foakes in The Plays Courtly Setting explains the spiritual setback Hamlet experienced following the ghosts revelation and request for revenge perchance the most terrible feature of his recognition of corruption everywhere is his recognition of it in himself too where another(prenominal)s deceive he must deceive too, where others act he must put on an antic disposition, where the inmost desires and passions of others must be revealed, so must his own passions be roused. And where there is no legal penalty for his fathers death, he must stoop, driven by the universal wrong, and being thus be-netted round with villainies, to revenge. He must share the corruption of others in spite of his nobility, and recognize in himself the common features, we a re arrant knaves on the whole. (53) In his essay Hamlet His Own Falstaff, Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for religion and several other purposes He Hamlet was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to grow unto himself five forces that are the elemental enemies of Force. And this man is called upon to kill. It is almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of forty winks (as the temptation in the wilderness suggests that in some sense he was). If Jesus had been, ought he to have accepted it? The absurdity of the question prompts the recording of the strangest of all the strange facts in the history of Hamlet the fact, namely, that nearly all readers, commentators, and critics are agreed in thinking that it was Hamlets duty to kill, that he ought indeed to have killed much sooner than he did. (12) Goddards highlighting of the main question underlying the narrative of the play a moral question involving justifiable killing i ndicates the spiritual nature of Hamlet. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradleys Shakespearean Tragedy Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a variant interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play For although this or that dramatis persona whitethorn speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially influence his representation of life, nor are they used to throw light on the mystery of its tragedy.

Essay --

5 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONSThis chapter discusses the softw are requisite specification about the project followed the functional and non-functional requirement of the INTERACTIVE SKETCHED BASED IMAGE SEARCH.5.1 PurposeWhen a sketch is input by a human there will clearly be a degree of accuracy to which the point of reference and scale of the shapes will remembered, and so errors with comparison to the target mental picture or images will be present. The edges of objects and nearness within the image define shapes declension of these shapes can be employ for image similarity. This supports indexing leads to imaginative memory usage since the indexes are always littler than images themselves. Indexing speeds up the search process lengthily which is very important in the image search application.5.2 ScopeThe input plan of this project is the proceeds of a system to allow the searching of database of images using the visual data stored within the images. Here the aim is to develop a system which allows query upon the image content of the images, with the user providing a sketch of the image or images that they desire to retrieve. The key aim is the development of a speedy and correct algorithmic rule for the extraction and comparison of thevisual data from images. Some important point takes in consideration while development they are as follows Identification of the restriction of authoritative content based images retrieval systems so that these areas can be improved upon. Research into the field of content based image retrieval and rapid algorithm development. Design and accomplishment of a system to perform content based image retrieval using sketched input. Expansion of an algorithm for the extraction and sim... ... for that. In building block interrogatory, is the first level of testing and is performed prior to integration testing. All error handling paths should be tested. Drivers and/or stubs need to be developed to test uncomplete so ftware. 7.2.2 Integration Testing In integration testing the individual tested units are grouped as one and the interface between them is tested. There are mainly three approaches to do integration testing, Top-down approach, Bottom-up approach Big bang approachIntegration testing is a software testing methodology used to test individual software components or units of code to verify interaction between various software components. Main program used as a test driver and stubs are substitutes for components directly subordinate to it.Subordinate stubs are replaced one at a time with real components (following the depth-first or breadth-first approach).

siddhartha Essay -- essays research papers

Siddhartha by Herman Hesse     Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse is the story of a young Brahmin who ventures off in the world to find the meaning of life. His journey begins as a young Brahmin who excelled in life but felt he was missing something and ends as a wise man that has found peace indoors him. Throughout the book, Hesse allows the reader to connect with Siddhartha and watch as he grows through his experiences, and people with whom he comes in contact. During his journey, Siddhartha, makes many choices which leads to path of life which is marked by self-discovery and independence. Siddhartha grows as a person through three main occurrences his come across with Buddha, his attempted suicide, and his time spent with his son, as they all contribute to his finding of himself. Siddharthas meeting with Gotama, the Buddha, is the first experience that contributes to his path of self-discovery. After several years of living the ascetic life of a Samana, Siddhartha d ecides to seek out Gotama, "The Illustrious One," as a teacher or mentor in his journey to find his inner self. After their meeting, however, Siddhartha becomes more convinced that the Buddhas teachings only apply to the Buddha himself, because it is what the Buddha has learned on his get path to nirvana, and Siddharthas path may differ. Siddhartha is convinced that he must find his path himself if he wishes to find nirvana. He understands that the Buddha had a remarkable experienc...

siddhartha Essay -- essays research papers

Siddhartha by Herman Hesse     Siddhartha, by Herman Hesse is the story of a young Brahmin who ventures off in the cosmea to find the meaning of life. His journey begins as a young Brahmin who excelled in life but felt he was missing something and ends as a wise man that has found peace within him. Throughout the book, Hesse allows the reader to connect with Siddhartha and watch as he grows through his experiences, and people with whom he comes in contact. During his journey, Siddhartha, makes many choices which leads to path of life which is marked by self-discovery and independence. Siddhartha grows as a person through three main occurrences his meeting with Buddha, his attempted suicide, and his time dog-tired with his son, as they all contribute to his finding of himself. Siddharthas meeting with Gotama, the Buddha, is the first experience that contributes to his path of self-discovery. After several years of living the ascetic life of a Samana, Siddhartha d ecides to seek out Gotama, "The Illustrious One," as a teacher or mentor in his journey to find his inner self. After their meeting, however, Siddhartha becomes more positive(p) that the Buddhas teachings only apply to the Buddha himself, because it is what the Buddha has learned on his own path to nirvana, and Siddharthas path may differ. Siddhartha is convinced that he must find his path himself if he wishes to find nirvana. He understands that the Buddha had a remarkable experienc...

Federal Poverty Lines Essay

The common issue concerning the annual federal poverty levels that argon planetary for all the lower forth ogdoad states are that the poverty level measures are limited. In other words, the poverty thresholds doesnt represent a reckon for basic necessities of life nor it addresses the supplementary amount to allow for other basic needs such as household supplies, person care, etc(Madden, 182). Also, the federal poverty lines by family size do not use consumer expenditure data and it is not updates. It is not adjusted by family types and geographical differences in housing concepts.Problems with Absolute Federal Poverty LevelAbsolute federal poverty level is enumerates the numeral value of people below poverty threshold which does not depend on time and place (Madden, 183). In other words, it is constant. It is incorrect to calculate absolute federal poverty level because it is only possible because the amount of wealth essential for survival is not constant for all places and tim e periods. For example, a person live Alaska requires to a greater extent sources of heat because of its cold climate whereas a person living in Hawaii does not. As compared to absolute federal poverty level, relative poverty level is dependent on time and place (Madden, 183).Poverty Levels, Family coat and Cost of LivingThe federal governance does not raise the poverty levels by family size to reflect the cost of living of a geographic empyrean because the poverty threshold level varies from one place to another. The current poverty levels by family size are measured by comparing the individuals family income to the essential amount necessary for standard of living (Rogers, 85). It has been used as the primary statistic by the U.S federal organization to allocate mean-tested social welfare benefits.Expenses in NYC versus Other StatesNew York City is considered to be the most expensive cities to live in. New York remains the most expensive city within United States. fit in to statistics, the median earnings of New York are more that sixty thousand dollars which is ten thousand dollars greater than the national median. The overall average living expenses in New York are more than one hundred and ninety dollars (Rogers, 185).Housing expenses are more than three hundred thousand dollars and secondary education is more than devil thousand dollars as compared to the nation average. Other facilities are also expensive as compared to other states. For example, a person living in Pittsburg who earns cubic decimeter thousand dollars will need one hundred thousands dollars to survive in New York. Over all, living expenses in New York is twice as some(prenominal) as compared to other states.Juvenilization and Feminization of PovertyJuvenilization of poverty is has been derived from the word juvenile and poverty. Poverty is defined as the scarcity and deficiency assets, income, capabilities or freedoms. Juvenilization is associated with children. Hence, juveniliz ation of poverty authority that children are deprived of basic necessities of life. According to statistics, one out of six children in United States suffers from poverty. Studies also show that more than thirty percent of children are living below poverty line although they make up more than twenty eight percent of the population. The term feminization of poverty has been originated from the definition of two words which are poverty and feminization.Feminization is the term which illustrates that gender partiality and bias in deprivation of resources, capabilities or freedoms. Hence, feminization of poverty is considered to be a concept which compares male and female and what are the differences or ratios between the two in terms of poverty levels. It represents the inability of women to meet the basic necessities of life.Personal be of Poverty and Problems with Federal Approach towards PovertyAccording to the data collected the U.S Census Bureau, the personal costs of poverty on family and children of four is $22,050 per year and for family of eight is $37010 per year and for every additional personal $ 3740 is added (Madden, 196). There are certain sets of specific policies and programs which are flawed because they pukenot fight poverty. Aid to Families with Dependent Children has provided families with cash attention but it comprises about one percent of the federal budget.AFDC polices have serious weaknesses which makes the poverty rate higher as compared to other countries. The weaknesses in the current policies can be classified into two broad categories namely, inadequate livable wage jobs and inadequate social welfare policies. The AFDC policies do not have policies which guarantee child care for families who are living below two hundred percent of poverty. It doesnt have policies which assist child tolerate and low incoming individuals. Other problems allow in lack of workforce education and training programs, benefits and inadequate job polic ies.Social Work and Poverty and Modifications in Federal PoliciesAs a social worker, I will apply my social work training in system to understand the nature of poverty and its origin. As a social worker, poverty must be combated at macro level so that poor families can afford childcare, housing, mental health treatment and education and employment opportunities (Rogers, 221).On broader scale, the number 1 thing to help poor families would be through community organizing in poor neighborhoods. This can help in organizing the communitys asset and immingle them with other resources to create and set up local structure which assist health, education and financial viability. This will empower the community residents to be active and support local initiatives.In order to reduce poverty, the federal government should recognize and produce measures to tackle issues of well being beyond the income status. The federal government should chime in a guarantee for child care for families livi ng at or below two hundred percent of poverty in order to make better the quality of child care.It should also assist child support and fathers who have low incomes. In order to remove the future generation from poverty, the federal government should increase child support programs and adopt pragmatic policies for low income families. At the same time, workforce education and training programs should be introduced to assist low-income individuals to advance economically. The government should also improve job quality with the help of earnings, benefits and other predictable measures so that workers can meet both work and family responsibilities.Work CitedMadden, David. RELATIVE OR ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINES A NEW APPROACH. Review of Income & Wealth 46 (June 2009) 181-199.Rogers, Harrell, R.. American Poverty in a New Era of Reform. New York M.E. Sharpe, Inc., (2006).

Egocentrism: The Epicenter of Fuzzy Ethics Essay

Egocentrism is a trait that not the highest of the morally esteemed in society forget evade. Ideally this is what Aratani is ascertaining. Formatively, take the oftentimes ascribed moral class, the clergy. This purported moral class is always and leave behind always front for their faith to have the highest attendance. They will promise miracles, traversing bounds of wealth through to mend yet they ultimately do not deliver to the very word.One will refrain from terming this as cheating, given the moral and the spiritual authority from which the defense comes from (Deremer, P A. Gruen, G E). Thinking outside this bracket, expecting more morality from the sheep when the shepherd has not towed the line seems relatively protracted the epicenter of this discourse. Aratani simply appears to be arguing for what Maslows hierarchy of needs is meant to ascertain. In deed, from one level of satisfaction humanity will always yearn to move to the next. As Aratani asserts, when the player wi ns whatever base ball match, the worst the player will yearn for is to remain in that position win and win and winOr at best, amend on the record (Hanson, K O). Worse still, kill to remain at the very helm. This is shear presentation of utter self-centeredness. The attitude of winning presents a hawkish scenario for the world, which ultimately translates into innovation. However, cheating to meet this end is simply extraverted negative egocentrism. The reason for this trend appears relatively similar under varying circumstances. Whatever the orientation, the honourable miscreant simply endears to remain the very best, not to be outwitted by any other person (Deremer, P A.et al). One will argue that this is samplely competition. But then it is not moral to use the two words interchangeably or as synonyms. Presumably, the ideals of competition are more positive part those of egocentrism are negative and subverting. In effect blaming the entire longing for more by any perpetrat or of such traits would equally be senseless. acquit the case of Drogba, after winning the trophy for the category of the best boot all commercials use him for advertising their brands.Every brand pays him a fortune, his wealth increases at the rate of ticking seconds. Definitely signs that this trend of cash and fame inflows will be guarded at all possible costs (Aratani, L. ). In earnest it is not the will of the perpetrator the world creates all the precedence for such occurrences. According to Maslow, the apex of humanity is self actualization. However, there seems to be no such ideal case as self actualization. If such cases existed, probably the cases of cheating and conspiracy to achieve this anterior end would just be reduced.I feel it is the expect for supremacy, due the lack of the actualization stage, stable state, which precipitates the incessant lies and anterior activities. Ideally capitalism has a hand, s invisible yet so invincible in orientation in all these under takings. Earnestly, if the wealth created in this due process would be shared within the community, then not the least individual will yearn to amaze as much wealth (Hanson, K O). Vividly, humanity would only look for as much as can sustain them without spillage beyond ethical boundaries to access more.It is utterly impossible or near to impossible perceiving any change in attitude that would see the overall vehement for more and more changed. If indeed religion was any practicable ideal, it would offer a worth course, but then it is equally bedeviled by the relentless yearning for more believers, offerings, miracles and even wealth, earthly and heavenly alike. On the backdrop of this assertion, the best way towards ethical morality is socialism.Within the principles of socialism, and yet still given the swellhead nature of humanity, but as a curtailment, no individual will want to simply amaze much only to be used by the masses. People will only yearn for moderation in fame and wealth (Aratani, L. ). The need for actualization will be universalized and the need for craving for more will be curtailed. Ultimately, the course for reduced egocentrism is as course whichever the approach, the solution towards this end is utterly individual reevaluation and rethinks.References Aratani, L. Ethics Boundaries Still Appear Fuzzy teenaged Cheating Poll Results Reflect Pressure, Some Believe, Washington Post 19 November 2006 C03 Deremer, P A. Gruen, G E. Childrens moral judgments the relationship between intentionality, social egocentrism and development Journal of Genetic Psychology, Jun79, Vol. 134 Iss. 2, p207 Hanson, K O. , Culture Suggests Cheaters Do Prosper, Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. 6 March 2005. 17 Apr. 2009.

Crowdsourcing at AOL Essay

1. Is crowdsourcing, as used by AOL, a fashion model of outsourcing? Why or wherefore not? In a way yes because the track down is outsourced to workers outside the company itself. The tasks are not done by companies employees instead the tasks are put on Amazons Mechanical Turk and half a milion workers that are registered there could read about the tasks and decide if they wanted to perform them. Outsourcig delegacy that the purchase of a god or service that was previously provided internally or that could be provided internally, nevertheless is now provided by outsource vendors. This is basicly the case with AOL, they could hire personell to perform the tasks but instead they hired workers outside the company and that is why it is a kind of outsourcing.2. What steps do you think Maloney dexterity have taken to ensure that the crowdsourcing would be success for the inventory project?7Maloney broke the large job into micro tasks and described the tasks that needed to be done. E ach worker was alike asked to receive webpages containing a video and identify the videos source and location of those pages.3. What factors should be considered when desiding whether or not to crowdsource a particular part of a business enterprise?A couple of factors should be considered when deciding to crowdsource. One of the factors is the economy itself. As mentioned in question 4, crowdsourcing is usually much cheaper then hiring a professionall to do the tasks for your company, and also you pay when the task is done and take the best option. Hiring a full time professionall or professionalls with special skills can be very expensive and you might not need them for a long period and you also need to manage them.4. Describe the advantages of crowdsourcing.Advantages Main advantages of crowdsourcing is that is fairly low price comparing to the proce for hiring a dedicated professional. Also the high number of people who are ready to work for you anytime. You also dont need to envise tasks to be done, instead you get the finished form and then pay for the best option.Disadvantages Cheap labor results less credible product compared to professionals. Also there is no contract in most crowdsourcing cases whichmeans that workers can run anytime they want, and your design might be reused in anytime. Also there is some critics that are saying that crowdsourcing can lead to digital sweatshops where workers work long days with little pay and no benefits and workers might also be underaged. You dont really know who is working for you.

AIDS in World History

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus causing acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( back up) has transformed international history involving the emergence of mixer norms and stereotypes against Black races, homosexuals, and countries plagued by the disease (e.g. Africa, Thailand, etc.).Historically, the first convincing evidence of HIV virus and actual disease process of support was found in the melodic phrase of an unknown man from Kinshasa, Africa in 1959 (Iliffe, 2007 p.311). Eventually, the infection reached the Western Nations initially in Los Angeles around June 1981 wherein a rare pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii was found infecting six cases with blood-borne HIV material body (Feigal, Levine and Biggar, 2000 p.1).By mid-1982, approximately 450 cases of HIV had been identified by CDC, and by the end of the year, an estimated case increase of 300 or more was received by the same physical composition (Finkel, 2007 p.89). The event marked the first AIDS epidemic c reating a orbiculate disfigurement against races, demographics, countries and gender associated with the disease epidemiology (Parker and Aggleton, 2003).From 1982 to 1985, AIDS and HIV monitoring institutions were able to wedge an approximate 16,000 cases of HIV, spell death toll caused by the disease had reached 8,100 for 1985 alone (Finkel, 2007 p.89). By the end of 2002, UNAIDS reported 42 million tribe with AIDS worldwide, mend 25 million had already died of the infection (Porth, 2005 p.427).Due to the increasing number of infected population, AIDS had reshaped the world history by influencing the worlds views on countries, nations, and people responsible for the spread of the disease across the globe.I. Discussiona. Epidemiology and its International ImpactAIDS epidemic has kept on growing in its exponential rates since its marked discovery in June, 1981. In linked States, AIDS epidemic rose from the 1985 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) records of 5,600 to 82,764 in 1 989, 816,000 by the end of 2000, and UNAIDS records of 3.5 million by the end of 2002 (Porth, 2005 p.428 Patterson, 2005 p.179).In an international attitude, global AIDS prevalence among adults from 15 to 49 years old has increased from approximately 8.5 million in 1990 to 38.6 million in 2005, while African AIDS prevalence trend among the similar demographics has increased as well from 1.3 million in 1985 to 25 million as of 2005 (UNAIDS, 2006).According to Steinbrook (2004), there are nine countries that devote the most number of HIV-infected demographics, and eight of these are from sub-Saharan Africa totaling to approximately 12 million individuals with AIDS. The country and race of African people have been severely change by the global stereotypes and trauma against AIDS.According to Iliffe (2007), convincing trace of HIV-1 transmission has been detected in chimpanzees exclusive to the region of Kinshasa, while the ten subtypes of HIV-1 have been found in an early epidemic o nly within the equatorial Africa, which consequently suggests the viral origin of AIDS (p.311).The increasing international stigma over sub-Saharan Africa has impact the global ethnicities of blacks, African American and African immigrants in every part of the world (Steinbrook, 2004).According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), race and ethnic groups associated with the groups dramatically affected by AIDS infection have experienced negative attitudes, prejudice, judgment and discrimination from the affectionate mankind.b. Global Trend of AIDS EpidemicThe complex hallmark of AIDS in World History involves the rising trend of social stigma against AIDS epidemic and demographics associated with the disease epidemiology (Steinbrook, 2004).According to the review study of Valdiserri (2002), series of national interviews from 1990s to 2000 reveals that the 1 out of 5 individuals living in the study sample (n=5,600 American adults) possess negative attitudes against races assoc iated and patients with AIDS.According to Perloff (2001), the increasing trend of AIDS epidemic triggered various social prejudice and negative attitudes against various groups of individuals across the world. In mainland southwestward Africa, women and children who obtained HIV becomes the social projection of rejection, prejudice and discrimination brought by the global stigma towards AIDS (Brown, Macintyre and Trujilo, 2003).In United States, African American or Blacks have been viewed negatively after the American general harbor more stigmatizing attitudes from sub-Saharas reported HIV infection, while in Thailand, social hostility towards prostitutes (e.g. police harassment, discrimination, etc.) are increasing consistently (Perloff, 2001 p.130).According to Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock (2001), the common impact of AIDS stigma on a global perspective is the development of social ostracism among families or patients who contracted with AIDS (p.119).According to the study of Su dha, Vijay and Lakshmi (2005), 51.13% of the sample (n=800) felt the need to publicly denounce the names of AIDS patients for the public to avoid them, while 73.75% of the families interviewed prefer to keep AIDS condition among family relatives only.Discrimination brought by the public and even medical practitioners becomes the by-product of the worldwide stigma stimulated by the exponential growth rate of AIDS (Perloff, 2001 p.130).c. Impact of AIDS in early GenerationWith the continuous rising trend of AIDS population worldwide, social stigma of the general public against the race, demographics and individuals associated with the disease epidemiology is likely to increase causing global negative attitudes, fear and prejudice against their population (Armstrong-Dailey and Zarbock, 2001 p.119).Contrary to the above predictions, the study of Blower, Schwartz and Mills (2003), public stigma against AIDS patient may reduce depending on the increasing health awareness of the public r egarding HIV prevention and patient management.Meanwhile, Piot, Bartos and Ghys et al. (2001) have predicted that the conterminous future implications of AIDS epidemic in high stakes countries (e.g. South Africa, Thailand, U.S, etc.) are (a) the increase in medical expenditures of the country (e.g. predicted 45% in South Africa, etc.), (b) decreased of life expectancy (e.g. 59 y/o down to 45 y/o by 2005 in South Africa, etc.), and (c) reduced sparing efficiency of the countrys economy.II. ConclusionFrom the localized outbreak of 1981 to the massive infection of 21st century, AIDS has dramatically affected the global trend of social perceptions and health care due to the global stigma caused by the exponential increases of AIDS epidemic.AIDS patients in globally known epidemic countries, such as South Africa, India, United States, Thailand, are predicted to suffer social ostracism wherein patients may fail to publicly seek AIDS medical treatment due to their fears of discrimination , persecution and inferior treatment.According to presented studies, the global effects of AIDS epidemic may increase the countries allocations for medical expenditures, and decrease the life expectancy of the general population.III. ReferencesArmstrong-Dailey, A., & Zarbock, S. F. (2001). Hospice Care for Children. New York, London Oxford University Press US.Blower, S., Schwartz, E. J., & Mills, J. (2003, June). Forecasting the Future of HIV Epidemics the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapies & Imperfect Vaccines. AIDS Reviews, 5, 113-125.Brown, L., Macintyre, K., & Trujillo, L. (2003, February). Interventions to Reduce HIV/AIDS Stigma What Have We Learned?. AIDS Education and Prevention, 15, 49-69.Feigal, E. G., Levine, A. M., & Biggar, R. J. (2000). AIDS-related Cancers and Their Treatment. New York, U.S.A Informa Health Care.Finkel, M. (2007). Truth, Lies, and commonplace Health How We are Affected when Science and Politics Collide. New York, U.S.A Greenwood Publishing Group.Ilif fe, J. (2007). Africans The History of a Continent. New York, London Cambridge University Press.

New Political Dispensation in South Africa Black Economic Empowerment (Bee)

Pro forma 1. Aims of the Dissertation Since the new political dispensation in South Africa black economic empowerment (BEE) has continually come under scrutiny (Leonard & Grobler, 2006). It has been seen as an ethically just initiative to compensate previously disadvantage individuals, and as a pragmatic strategy, which undercuts the nation of meritoriousness with a very strong undertone of racism. Increasingly, physicians, in both primary care and specialities form partnership of single or multi-specialty group gives as disceptation among physicians grows.The purpose of this dissertation would be to investigate challenges varyational leaders are facing in spite of appearance hole-and-corner(a) pathology services in South Africa. Nationalization of medical funders and how it would assume the private business has long been a concern within the South Afri trick private pathology market. Focusing on alternate strategy and how the intent of several(predicate) lead images can be applied in making multicultural intimacy sharing work and eventually develop an organisational culture were multitude feel empowered.To quote Kotter and Heskett (1992), When culture are our own, they often go unnoticed, until we try to implement a new strategy or program which is incompatible with their commutation norms and values. Then we observe first hand, the power of culture. Culture and organizational structure dimensions relationship within private pathology provoke in recent years existence influenced by advancements do in technology, regulation enforced by current political dispensation and the emerging characteristic of the 21st century corporations.The aim of this dissertation give be to determine whether the current lead and culture in this prodigal changing social and economical environment provide have an fix on sustainable gain of the pathology sector and whether current organisational structures allow for be able to address the knowledgeable and ex traneous reachs of a fast changing environment. In do to determine the tint of leading and culture influence the research worker will stick out on the four dimensions of organizational structures Specialization people with the incumbent skills and knowledge that can contribute towards sustainable outgrowth Standardization technological development and advancements in the industry and their allude on private pathology industry sustainable growth Formalization the way how current leadership formalizes rules, regulations and instructions and the impact current internal and external leadership and culture have on sustainable growth Centralization the effectiveness of communication and the perception people develop around the centralization of certain core and supplemental servicesMany researchers have studied leadership impact and cultural differences in a fast changing environment. Hofstedes four dimensions of organization culture such as individualism / wrap upiveness , power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity / femininity within the four dimensions of organizational structure will play a significant role in the interpretation of the results.In answering these fountainheads the researcher aims to incline a dissertation paper which would concentrate on finding answers to the challenges leaders face in developing an organizational culture based on enhancing innovation, advance competitive advantage, motivate staff, and increase quality and customer value. The Nadler and Tushmans Congruence Model of change (Palmer, Dunford, & Akin 2009, pp. 126-128) will form the basis around which leadership kinetics will be real in aligning private pathology practise (services) within the current South African context (regulations, technology, culture) of change.We all disposition to feel self-worth and make contributions and be recognized for them. It is through this investigation that the research talent develop a deeper understanding of t he dynamics of change within private pathology practises. Challenging the status quo through the formulation of a strategy that would address the current inequalities (culture and knowledge) might result in an organizational culture that all can associate with. Organizational culture is a complex set of values, believes, assumptions, and symbols that defines the way an organization defines it business.The Nadler and Tushmans congruence mystify will assist the researcher in conceptualized the dynamics of leadership and culture within private pathology. 2. Methodology Centralization and standardization received high priority and specialization and formalization were exclusively the office of power distance unequal distribution of power from top management. Culture, in organizational context, whitethorn be broadly defined as the sum of groups, or nation way of thinking, believing, feeling and acting and will inadvertently play a significant role in the restructuring process of any o rganization.Given the nature and complexity of the government issues to be examined, the research cash advance would be to conduct a multi-step study incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. Literature research for the dissertation will concentrate on the sense-making process of change and the leadership images involved in change processes within the private medical practice industry within South Africa (Kally, Wale, Soudien and Steyn, 2007). channelize in private pathology within South Africa is technology and politically driven. The wring current government places on private sector to comply have in recent years been intensified.Private industry in general had to comply with employment equity regulation or face strict penalties that will economically impact on the organization. The aim of this research will be to determine whether leadership could keep up to these fast changing environments and to what extent culture difference has an impact on the organizatio nal culture. The research hypothesis relies on factual entropy in proving current hierarchy structure and current change leadership as healthful as the cultures characteristics, create a tipping point, where current sustainable growth will not be attainable.Quantitative research The researcher will collect factual data from Human Resources (HR) about employee turnover the past three to five years. This data will then be sorted according to employee turnover, training, disciplines within the different designted groups (Africans, Coloureds, Indians and Whites) and at the different professional levels passim the organization. The aim of this process will be to identify areas of concerns and will guide the researcher to develop an sign impression of the general culture within the company.The researcher will be guided by literature on the subject of leadership, culture and the sense-making process of change in such a diverse working environment. Internal data or the triangulation wit hin-methods of information from the company with regards to employment, lay-off disciplinary actions, training and social activities will be collected from Human Resources (HR) in a process to understand the current organizational culture and develop an idea or hypothesis around these facets and the impact of current culture diversities within the company (Maxwell & Rijamampianina, 2002) will have on future sustainable growth.Qualitative research The research approach throughout this dissertation will rest on factual literature, observation and and non-random (non-probability) sampling of prospect data. Purpositive sampling (White, 2000 63) which will indicate why change transformation in the private pathology practice is authoritative for future if sustainable growth is to be maintained. Managing such a diverse workforce is challenging but economically imperative. Thus asking question around perception and expectation will form the basis of interviews and questions.The researcher through these question aims to understand the behaviour actions and perception people have certain which may have led to the current organizational culture Are we moving towards a workforce that will be operationally focused and curse on technology advancement made in first world countries in maintaining sustainable growth? Has the focus of management shifted towards advancement made in technology and not on employment of a workforce with the necessary skills and knowledge? Is the vast amount of internal knowledge and skills residing within employees being employ and are employees empowered to contribute towards sustainable growth? Did employment equity requirements to any extend result in the organization developing a strategy that would be less reliance on knowledge but on automation of routine analysis which as though would address the compliance issue towards current pressure to change? Will the current leadership and culture dynamics within private pathology lead to sust ainable growth?The challenge of the qualitative research will be to find answers relating to questions above through asking questions relating to knowledge management, job satisfaction, employee benefits and general relationship within the workplace. A combination of interviews and discipline question will be designed around these issues. Holistic realistic sense-making process throughout the research will play a significant role in the recommendation of a change model that would incorporate the data from surveys, interviews and literature.Sense making refers to implementation of change processes that would not place unnecessary strain on the existing infrastructure and profit margins of the organization. Greenhalgh & Todd (1989) observed that survivor sense making and the reaction to organization decline may be due to job hazard as an attitudinal variable and will definitely influence the sustainability of private pathology on the long run. Whether current organizational culture and the impact of fast changing external environments and work relationships will have an impact on sustainable growth needs to be confirmed.The researcher also realizes that true qualitative and quantitative data observation may revert back to sense making process and literature justification too support any generalization of results and that this approach may be unique to the private pathology industry in South Africa. 3. Feasibility and Required Resources The proposed research project will require certain data that might be sensitive to the organization. For the purpose of confidentiality, company names and places will not be mentioned.As highlighted in the method above literature research will principally concentrate on publications generated in South Africa. Additional supportive literature with regards to leadership and cultural will be sourced in support of the information obtained through the method as described above. When required or necessarily, supportive and addition al information will be sourced from international literature in support of the findings.The initial data will be soured from HR and analysed as discussed in method. Qualitative and quantitative interviews and survey will be compiled in order to reap a deeper understanding and feeling about the current organisational culture and leadership dynamics. 4. Relationship to Existing Published Work The power of servant leadership to transform health care organizations in the 21st century has been a point of discussion as well as a point of concern for numerous leaders within these organizations.Despite the fast changing market environment of health care services organization still practise an outmoded transactional style of leadership based on organizational hierarchies that are inherently stagnant (Schwartz & Tumblin, 2002). Leadership styles are not novel concepts but few physicians (leaders) have been introduced to transformational, situational and servant leadership styles or combinat ion thereof with the goal of creating an environment of learning that will be beneficial to the organization and the economy it serves.The article by Swartz and Tumblin (2002) managed to address the magnificence of change leadership and transformation as well as the influence that emotional intelligence and ethical behaviour has on the fast changing internal and external forces within the medical environment. Holistic sense-making process will be applied throughout this project. Introducing a generic conceptual and methodological process for the fast emerging social and intellectual patterns currently seen in the private pathology field and the impact leadership sense-making process will have on sustainable growth.Making-sense of our own reality and applying the knowledge gained through a process of sense making in understanding current situation within the private pathology practices is the initial approach the researcher has in mind. In the article Making sense of executive sense -making by Parry (2003) the author has identified seven characteristics of sense-making that might be germane(predicate) and might form the basis of change strategies when addressing the leadership images appropriate in private pathology practises. Parry (2003) introduced the researcher to the possible epistemological problems that might be encountered throughout the studies.Throughout the analysis process of the article by Parry (2003) the researcher realized that sense-making process might be restricted to literature referencing as any deductions made from the literature will be qualitative. The new political dispensation in South Africa paved the way towards multicultural organizations changes. Together with current changes of global markets private pathology have been effected in ways were new cultures have changed and impacted on current values and behaviours of people within the organization.Rijamampianina and Maxwell (2002) believe that managing multicultural organizations will be challenging and will call for a leadership style that recognizes cultural diversity and a willingness to share success, share mental models, share slew and share competence to the extend that people feel empower prior to changing or adapting to any dominant organization culture. Rijamampianina and Maxwell (2002) proposed a model of change, which focused on the creation of an environment of learning and interaction as the basis of accommodating a diverse culture.Making business decisions around leadership dynamics culture impact and change strategies is a crucial job and most properly one of the riskiest especially when external environments of change place significant pressure on private business to change. Bad decisions can ruin your company and are normally the result of distortion of warpes, mental flaws and the sabotage of reasoning the psychological traps of the unconscious. Addressing the status quo in an environment was external and internal pressures dictated the r ationality and objectivity of decisions and the biases that influence the choices we make.Very often decision makers (leaders) display a strong bias towards alternatives that would perpetuate the status quo (Hammond, Keeney, & Raiffa, 1998). Then again, private pathology status quo may indeed be the best choice as they in general have developed dependence around service from developers of technology and analysis techniques. Hammond, Keeney, and Raiffa focused on decision making and the trade-off as well as the difficulties associated with flawed thinking as described in The hidden traps of decision making. Over the years a number of publication that have addressed the concerns of culture and leadership in South Africa (e. g. Rensburg, 1993 Booysen, 2007 Coldwell & Moerdyk, 1981 Schwartz & Tumblin, 2002 Finestone & Snyman, 2006) all have studies certain relationships that resulted from the new democratic dispensation. Even if we find a solution to the diversity within private patholo gy a fruition that maintaining quality across the network of pathology services will be a priority through the project.The purposed model of change should stand the sense-making of transformational leadership and the following publications fey on the subject (e. g. Leonard & Grobler, 2006 Parry, 2003 Greehalgh & Todd, 1989 Labiance, Gray & Brass, 2000). Dombai & Verwey (1999) focussed on the impact of organizational culture as context of interpersonal meaning on the management of organizational diversity. The authors have demonstrated that affirmative action employment may develop perception among individuals or groups that previously disadvantage groups will be appointed without the necessary credentials, knowledge or skills.The authors empirical research managed to prove that individuals experience of organizational culture as a context for the construction of meaning, are more important to diversity management than individual value differences as result of diversity in term of age, gender or race. In conclusion, the researcher knows that literature survey will from the basis of the dissertation with the understanding to develop a model of change that could address current leadership and culture diversities in private pathology.The researcher almost through the evaluation of the article became aware of the vast literature available on this subject. The challenge however will be find relevant information, which will support and be supplemental to the research. 5. Why You Are Doing This Topic Current political situation and the fast changing global environments as well as the current technology advancement made in the medical pathology practice and the effect these factors have on the sustainability of private pathology are but some(prenominal) of the reason of doing this project.

Micromax Mobile : How to Increase Market Share

Consumer buy behaviour report Micromax mobile hollos By Mansi Choksey Roll no. 19 PGDM Marketing Product chosen Micromax Mobile phones Issue to be addressed How to adjoin Market sh ar Background on the friendship Micromax Mobile needs no introduction today. Just two historic period moxie people were non awargon ofthe pockat all but today its Indias third largest mobile selling company by volume by and by Nokia and Samsung (IDC Report). Brands success stern be attributed to its ability to understand the need of the market ,aggressive marketing with a work out of Rs. 00 crore and smartdistribution channelmanagement. Its one of the leading Indian Telecom Companies with 23 domestic offices across the country and world(prenominal) offices in Hong Kong, USA, Dubai and now in Nepal. With a futuristic vision and an exhaustive R& deoxyadenosine monophosphateD at its helm, Micromax has successfully generated innovative technologies that feed revolutionised the telecom consumerspac e. As per IDC report Micromax displaced LG to choke third largest sellingmobile handset companyin india with a market share of 6%.Nokia is market leader with 62% share and Samsung is on second place with 8% market share. The company today sells more than a million handsets a month and is now a Rs. 1600 cr deserving brand. The company has presence in more than 500 districts and 90,000retail outlets. The company started its Mobile handset business in 2008 and the challenge was to establish an identity in a market dominated by humongous MNCs Like Nokia,Samsung,LG and Motorola. Today Micromax has become a brand which people relate and look up to for realizing their case-by-case device preferences and other out-of-the-box solutions.Micromax, is now churning out 1 million phones a month. Micromax is on a mission to successfully overcome the technological barriers and incessantly engender life enhancing solutions. The companys vision is to develop path-breaking technologies and effici ent runes that incubate newer markets, enliven customer aspirations and continue to make Micromax a trusted market leader amongst people. Micromax founders Rajesh Agarwal handles company finances Sumeet Arora chief technology officer Vikas jain handles alliances with other companiesRahul Sharma risk taker with the big ideas 4 Ps of marketing for Micromax mobiles 1. Product Micromax has been quite hard-hitting in the marking a difference with almost every product that it launched. The range that they have covered varies quite a large variety. Right from the handsets with 30 days shelling backup, dual SIM, handsets switching networks (GSM -CDMA) using gravity sensors, aspirational QWERTY keypad handsets to operator branded 3G handsets to the most exciting OMH CDMA Handsets, etc. Every product of Micromax had the effectiveness to grab the attention of media as ell as the consumers in a market which is already flooded with mobile phone handsets and a launch is there in every day or two. 2. Price Micromax specialized in entry-level and mid-segment handsets belld between Rs1,800 and Rs2,400 when it started selling the devices in 2008, confining itself to small towns and agricultural areas in the first 12-18 months. promote by its success, the firm expanded to larger cities and now has a distribution network of 55,000 retailers, which it plans to scale up to 70,000 by the end of March as break open of its strategy to raise sales to 1. million handsets a month. 3. Place Micromax is one of the leading Indian Telecom Companies with 23 domestic offices across the country and international offices in Hong Kong, USA, Dubai and now in Nepal. Micromax has invested Rs100 crore to set up a plant in Baddi in Himachal Pradesh as it feels outsourcing manufacturing completely leaves the door open for supply-side uncertainties. Production leave be scaled up from an initial 50,000 per month. If everything goes right(a), by the third phase in March 2011, the Baddi plant wil l be making about 500,000 handsets, Jainist said.If the plant isnt able to cope with the numbers, the fallback plan is to acquire a facility in South Korea, Taiwan or China, he added. 4. progression Having turn ined traction, Micromax is also working on a strategy to create awareness in the metros, which includes tying up with MTV for co-branded phones. Micromax has also tied up with a Bollywood laurels AKSHAY KUMAR as brand ambassador. Micromax has also tied up some pretty big brands like Yamaha for enhancing their audio experiences and the X360 comes with an MTV branding and exclusive content.It is utilizing the integrated market talk tools like sponsoring events (cricket match and film awards), advertising through billboards, TV, radio etc very effectively. With a 360 degree advertising and marketing strategy sketched out, the company has an optimistic watch for the telecom consumer space. Currently present in more than 40,000 stores across the country, the company plans to have an aggressive market incursion to reach out to its customers through 70,000 practicable stores in the coming year The following tools of IMC are being used by MicromaxEvents and experiences For marketing of its products the company is riding on two enduring Indian obsessionssports and filmsto build its brand. Following up on its association with the popular Twenty20 cricket Indian Premier League (IPL), Micromax, a brand that is less than three years old, has become the title sponsor of almost all tournaments and series of which India is a part, including the recently concluded Asia Cup, the forthcoming India-Sri Lanka Test series and the India-New Zealand-Sri Lanka tri-series in August.The objective tin cigarette the cricket roadblock, as such(prenominal) behavior is termed in advertising, is to drive brand awareness and imagine. The company believes that while cricket may boost a brand instantly, viewers may still not remember the brand after the match or the tournament. Even if consumers remember a series, they may not remember the advertisers. Thats when they thought of a roadblock and decided to sponsor all cricketing properties post IPL. Bollywood is also a major plat devise for the brand, which is luffing consumers between 18 and 27 years.Bollywoods most bankable star Akshay Kumar was signed on as the brand ambassador six months ago. More recently, his wife show off Khanna was engaged to promote Micromaxs bling phone that comes with Swarovski crystals and a vanity mirror. To push its association with films, the firm also sponsored the IIFA (International Indian Film Academy) Awards held in Sri Lanka, where Micromax recently launched its phones. The brand is now ready to enter Bangladesh and atomic number 74 Asia. Advertising Broadcast media micromax use television to broadcast their advertisements. Apart from using cricket, films, celebrity micromax also advertise through news papers.They also utilize hoarding and bill boards to advertise t heir products. Prime site recently kicked off a month-long campaign for Micromax mobile phones in Delhi, executed mostly through hoardings. Going further, this publicity will be extended to the other regions of northern India as well. All the Medias used by micromax are very carefully selected as to reach its target audience and through each medium the innovative aspect of the product is portrayed. The three advertising objectives of micromax mobile are * To create awareness * To increase recall of their brand * To create brand equity.Companys current marketing strategy 1. Tapping the Indian consumers by knowing what they need specifically a. Indian context When Nokia or Samsung roll out a new model they do so from its global portfolio rather than launching something specifically for India. Micromax realized the fact that there are certain unmet needs still there in the market which is not being addressed by big brands. Micromaxs strategy ,since their inception has been to discern the unmet latent needs of people and come up with a product which no one else has and thus fits well with the consumer need. b. Rural contextMicromax initially targeted rural market and once it established its presence went on to lure urban youth. Micromaxs first innovation a handset with 30 days of understudy battery life crucial in a country like India where power failures are common. Also in rural areas its not easy to military mission ones mobile phones because not only are there power failures but also they dont have money to return for electricity every month and hence such a phone was introduced. Also One of the major aspects that contribute towards the substantial monthly growth of Micromax is its 80% sales in the rural areas. afterwards building a strong presence in the rural market, where the prominence of both subscribers and operators is rapidly increasing, Micromax is now progressively abject towards establishing its foothold in the competitive urban towns as well. 2. Value for money & Cost effective The company didnt bank on price competition only rather it catered to the needs of people unaddressed by MNC brands. Big brand like Nokia, Samsung had not introduced Dual sim phones earlier. notwithstanding with the onset of such phones launched by Micromax, Nokia , Samsung etc. ave tough competition and their phones are just a case of me-too products. Also Micromax has made trustworthy that all their mobile phones are nurse for money and serve the purpose and the need of the customer. 3. R&D and Innovation Versatile Product Portfolio It was the first to introduce a) Handsets with 30 days battery backup b) Handsets with Dual SIM / Dual Standby c) Handsets Switching Networks (GSM CDMA) using gravity sensors d) Aspirational Qwerty Keypad Handsets e) Operator Branded 3G Handsets f) OMH CDMA Handsets, etc. . First mover advantage They have introduced phones specially targeting the Indian people which were never even thought of remotely by the top players in the mobile phone industry like Nokia & Samsung. So they clearly have a first mover advantage. 5. Outsourcing the manufacturing Instead of manufacturing itself, Micromax sourced its handsets from 12 factories in China, South Korea and Taiwan. It was model-based sourcing Micromax would come up with an idea and give it to the grind best placed to deliver it.This is several(predicate) from, say, Nokia, which would be compelled to stay in-house or go to a vendor-partner, even if another vendor had better capabilities to execute a particular model. 6. Smart distribution channel management Micromax also looked at distribution in a new way, standing by its cash-only model. While rivals offered a 60-day credit line, Micromax refused to give credit. If the distributor does not buy your handsets, there is no pressure on him to sell them, explains Mr Agarwal. At the same time, Micromax offered to supply distributors regularly to life inventories down.So, distributors di dnt have to shell out large amounts upfront or have a lot of money locked in. If we give a distributor 1,000 handsets and consider him to sell them over a month, he will worry about his daily sales, says Mr Agarwal. But if we supply less, demand will be close to satisfactory or more than supply. Micromax has 34 super-distributors across India. Unlike a Nokia or a Samsung, it doesnt interact with the 500-plus sub-distributors. Neither does it intervene in how the super-distributors sell or place the products. We offer our super-distributors a 15% margin, which is higher than the ndustry average of 6-10%, claims Mr Jain. 7. Unmet needs of consumer 30-DAY BATTERY PHONES April 2008 Rs 2,249 Now Rs 1,999 The X1i, Micromaxs first phone, had a battery that could give 17 hours of talk time and go 30 days on a single charge. DUAL-SIM PHONES July 2008 Rs 1,999-12,999 For those who want two numbers but one handset PHONE-CUM-REMOTE may 2010 Rs 2,999 A mobile that can switch TV channels and e ven change the AC Temperature PHONE-CUM-STEREO Feb 2010 Rs 4,999 With 3D surround sound, fed by Yamaha and Wolfson BLING Feb 2010 Rs 5,500 A big hit with women, comes with Swarovski embellishmentsIN THE WORKS A mosquito-repellent phone. A phone that can be used as a computer mouse Micromax focuses on being different 8. Production related moves Micromax is investing Rs 100 crore to set up a manufacturing plant in Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, to ensure its outsourcing model does not cause supply-side uncertainties. Production is being scaled up from 50,000 units per month to 500,000 units a month by March 2011. How to increase the market share with respect to the consumer buying behaviour Steps of consumer buying behaviour 1) Need awarenessThe beginning point of most purchasing is your potential purchaser recognition of a need in their life. This need can be established by encountering a problem or prompted by a companys marketing. Already Micromax is into a lot of marketing through prom otions, Ads, sponsorships of events, etc. But few suggestions on that front to make sure that their potential consumer hears them rightly is * Now they are at the 3rd position in the mobile handset industry and they have achieved a good market share in a very short span of time, so their advertisements should focus on brand building. They dont develop very creative advertisements, sometimes their advertisements are mere noises like the advertisement featuring Akshay kumar. They must add creativity to their advertisements. (Micromax Bling Ad featuring Twinkle Khanna is an exception to this point). * Break the resistance of no need by aligning their marketing with the current needs and wants of your market. * Its a general norm that whatsoever is expensive is good to use, of high quality, has more life and is definitely something which will increase ones status.So it would be a good strategy to increase the prices which will work for the image of Micromax because there is a risk of the brand being perceived not as an aspirational brand but a workaday price warrior if it does not focus on the quality of the communication. * The needs of not even two consumers are the same. Therefore, they buy only those products and services, which satisfy their wants and desires.To survive in the market, a firm has to be constantly innovating and understand the latest consumer needs and tastes it will be extremely useful in exploiting marketing opportunities and in impact the challenges that the Indian market offers. This reality can be turned into an opportunity by introducing Customization of mobile phones. a) People can goto Micromax mobile stores, and fill a form listing their options of the type of phone they want, color of the phone, screen size of the phone, features like audio player, radio, one touch applications, etc. amp all other specifications of the phone. ) erst that form is filled the Micromax staff can show a picture of the newly designed phone to the consu mer on a computer and if necessary can make any changes and then finally place the order for such a phone. c) Payment terms and conditions can be advance payment fractional the price of the phone at the time of placing and half at the time of delivery. This makes the consumer feel that the mobile phone company is not only generally consumer centrical but it believes in the fact that every person is different and unique in his/ her own way and would have different needs and wants.Also this gives a chance to the consumers to become innovative and its definite that a consumer will definitely want to buy such a phone again from Micromax. 2) Information search Its definitive to make sure consumers know about all the new variants and products that the company introduces. With the rise of the Internet, it has never been easier for buyers to question their purchase. It needs to make sure that all schooling is readily available on the website.They can break the resistance of lack of ed ucation by adding an educational seminar to their marketing mix to provide maximum teaching about their company, phones, promotions, variants, prices, etc. to not just the tech-savvy urban population but also the rural people. Their goal at this point in the buying process is to get their product or service in front of the consumer. They need to make them aware of their solution. 3) Check options Once the consumer understands his or her situation and has gathered research on possible solutions, the mobile handset buying process enters an evaluation period.The consumer now starts to take a close look at specifics, such as the company providing the solution, the brand name of the product, and the features and benefits of each solution. Brandingand product differentiation are extremely important tools of persuasion during the evaluation stage. This is where the strategies listed above would help Micromax gain an edge over its competitors and increase the market share when a potential consumer would sit and evaluate his options while buying a cell phone. 4) Purchase After a comprehensive review of solutions and specific products and services, the consumer makes a purchase termination.At this point in the buying process, supporting information needs to be provided to reinforce the decision to buy. Help the buyer by telling them what and why the company/ staff in the store would recommend a certain handset as they are the experts in that. Also Depending on urban / rural population, the company can provide different payment options or billing terms. 5) Evaluation of the purchase The buyer will look for reinforcement from media, friends, and other sources confirming they made the right decision. Cognitive dissonance or buyers remorse happens when the buyer begins to feel the purchase wasnt right for them.To make sure such dissonance doesnt occur they should offer warranties, there must be after purchase follow-up calls to make sure that the consumer is happy with th e handset he/she has purchased, excellent after sales service by opening as many service centers as possible in all parts of India. It is crucial to building strong relationships with customers and encouraging repeat purchases that you not only provide a positive purchase experience and after sale support, but that you strengthen the buyers perception that they made the right purchase decision.

Foreign Policy 1776-1807 Dbq

During the capital letter, Adams, and the Jefferson administrations, the joined States was thrust into the decision of joining either Britain or France, the two most(prenominal) powerful atomic number 63an farmings. In determining the effects of foreign policy on the developing nation, one must establish the over in completely direction of the united States took. As a budding nation, George Washington proposed the idea of neutrality in order for the state to have no involvement in europiuman affairs.However, Federalists and egalitarian Republicans were outraged by this decision since the Federalists supported the British while the Democratic Republicans supported the french. Neutrality also allowed the United States to temporarily smooth its relations with Europe because of commercial interest. Therefore, neutrality, instead of siding with either Britain or France or through their commercial interests, was the obvious direction taken by foreign policy.After witnessing and b eingness have-to doe with in uncontrollable European affairs, the growing nation of the United States concluded that an international policy of neutrality would be the best option in the area of foreign affairs. During his presidency, Washington decided that it was best for America to stay neutral. As stated in his Proclamation of Neutrality that any American providing economic aid to any country at war would be punished with legal proceedings (D). He was aware of the possible dangers that would occur when allying with a certain country.The country was too saucy to enter any wars or deal with wars of foreign countries. Europe has a set of primary interestsHence she must be diligent in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essendially foreign to our concerns (J). veritable(a) in his farewell address, Washington advised the fledgling nation to not get involved in European affairs or make permanent alliances, to avoid sectionalism, and to not form political parties. Afte r Washington resigned from office, John Adams tried to stay fresh the position of neutrality as the second president of the United States.He did as much as he could in avoiding war with France. Even before his presidency, in response to a proposed alliance with France, he argued that we ought not to enter into any Alliance with her France, which should entangle Us in any future wars in Europe, that We ought to lay it down as a first principle and a Maxim never to be forgotten, to maintain an entire Neutrality in all future European struggles (A). However, after the XYZ Affair, in which French agents demanded a large bribe for the restoration of diplomatic relations with the United States, a Quasi War erupted amidst France and America.The Convention of 1800, also known as the Treaty of Mortefontaine, was a treaty between the United States and France to settle the hostilities that erupted during that war (I). When Thomas Jefferson became president, it was a placid transition from Federalist to Democratic Republican. Despite the differences between these political parties, Jefferson also tried to maintain Washingtons idea of neutrality. In his Inaugural Address in 1801, he states We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists and that there would be Equal and exact justice to all men, friendly relationship with all nations, entangling alliances with none (K).Even as a last resort to the Louisiana Purchase, he told Monroe to make an alliance with Great Britain if the Louisiana Purchase did not work out. In all three of their presidencies, Washington, Adams, and Jefferson decided that it was best for the new nation to enter a state of neutrality. Despite its neutrality and unwillingness to enter war with the European nations, the United States were being forced to side with either Great Britain or France, Europes most powerful nations.During Washingtons presidency, the revolutionary government of France sent diplomat Edmond-Charles Genet, also known as Citizen Genet, to America to propagandize the case for France in the French war against Great Britain, which created the network of Democratic Republicans. Washington demanded the French government recall Genet, and denounced the societies. The United States were in a conflict with Britain, as the British were seizing American ships and impressing sailors.Hamilton and Washington designed the Jays Treaty to renormalise trade relations with Britain, remove them from western forts, and resolve financial debts left over from the Revolution (F). John Jay negotiated and signed the treaty in 1794. However, many disputes move from this decision. James Madison criticized that the treaty stated to open West India ports to the United States, yet Britain refused to follow these regulations (G). During Adams presidency, the XYZ Affair, which was supposed to have been the negotiation between America and France on the seizure of American ships, threw the United States into a Quasi War with theFrench. I n the aftermath of the undeclared naval war with France, the Alien and riot Acts were passed, which allowed the president to deport hostile aliens, increased residency requirements for citizenship, and banned criticism of government policies or officials. After the United States conflict with France, Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, considered the fortuity of an alliance with Britain. While Britain and France were both seizing American ships, Britain had the strongest navy and was thus able to force the American sailors into its navy (M).Jefferson believed that this conflict would cease if the United States hold to establish an alliance with Britain. Torn between the conflict of siding with either France or Britain, the United States agreed to remain neutral. Although neutrality in the new nation was favored, there was a possibility of joining either Britain or France depending on which one was more financially beneficial. After Jays Treaty, which was signed with Great Britain during Washingtons presidency, Spain did not want the United States to side with the British and wanted to smooth its relations with the fledgling country.Pinckneys Treaty, signed on October 27, 1795, established the intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. The treaty also granted the States use of the Mississippi and right of deposit at New Orleans (H). In the Treaty of genus Paris in 1783, It is agreed that the people of the United States shall continue to enjoy unmolested the right to take fish of every kind on the Grand commit and that The navigation of the river Mississippi, from its source to the ocean, shall forever remain free and open to the subjects of Great Britain and the citizens of the United States (E).Thomas Paine stated that commerce would secure the friendship with Europe because Europe wants America to have a free port (B). Jefferson, fearing the power of the neighboring French in the Louisiana Territory, sent Monroe to Paris to negotiate th e purchase in 1802. Their interest was only in the port and its environs. They did not anticipate the much larger transfer of territory that would follow. The purchase greatly benefited the United States because it granted them admission to the entire Mississippi River.Also, as a result of impressments of American sailors, Jefferson established the Embargo Act of 1807, also known as the Nonintercourse Acts, restricting American ships from engage in foreign trade between the years 1807 to 1812. Jefferson believed that without trade with the United States, Britain and France would fall into an economic crisis. However, the Europeans nations did not bother with America and traded with other countries, causing the new nations economy to fall.This outraged the general public, and when Jefferson left office, these acts were repealed. Commercial interest helped the United States to choose between siding with either of the European nations or remaining neutral. Throughout the Washington, Adams, and Jefferson administrations, Britain and France tried to force the United States into allying with either of the two nations. Although it was tough to maintain, neutrality was established in the country by Washington. The decision brought diverse problems for the budding nation, but it still stayed strong.

Ethnic Literature and Postcolonialism In Barta’s Essay

The definition of ethnic literary productions is literature like any other, except that it contains ethnic references. (Reilly p. 2). Another definition of ethnic literature is when in that location is a literature work that contain religious beliefs, racial issues, linguistics, or cultural heritage. In another(prenominal) word, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes wear outicular agriculture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws wariness in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society. One of the issues which may often push through during the class discussion is hybridity.It seems that pot who remove been faced by the fact that they atomic number 18 living in a hybrid world tend to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, plainly they can not avoid the possibility becoming in between. Although , they are included into single part, the native part, but on the other hand they can not deny the deep stamp to be pleasant considering themselves diametric with the other. thither is a kind of more value they have compared with their surround, and they deal it is worthy to be kept.Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons. There must be an excess value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a newfound ideology, belief or view which are brought by the dictatorial. The predominate rarely conscious with the impact. They usually scarcely feel that it is a natural process which become the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is about prevail-dominating one. We can not expect who truly take the usage as dominating or dominated.The practice may turn over, the dominated may become the dominating in the same time toward different object, vice versa. We are similarly introduced by Otherness theory. It makes someone consider that she or he are different from the other, and other quite a little is not the same with her or him. Gadis Tangsi tells a story about a young woman life, namely Teyi. She is a Javanese girl who grew up in the Javanese tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell fried bananas every day.Teyi finds herself hold in by some rules which are considered as the right rules for her mother. She even does not know how love or how to be loved by a man. She was taught to be a polite woman. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi who has helped her. That is the source of her new experience to recognize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be a great lady. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after being saved when her d isease comes immediately.Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well. She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to read and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who go a counsel be matrimonial with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a husband from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi write by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are lock in many things covered even by what Javanese hoi polloi considered as budaya adiluhung.The word politeness, hospitality and dignity which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become tomentum after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered as an obedient woman and become a pardon for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings them in this novel as representative of Javanese wo man character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is far from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be just a few). The feeling of in between seem to be experienced by Teyi.She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi. Teyi realizes that her life style is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows that Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like putri bangsawan, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. regular she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been raised from the lower part. She has more power than the people in the house.The very manifest impact of this teaching actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she passed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi. Al though, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the way she behaves. She seems take the dominating position over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. whole two days of marriage, and Teyi considers that she has a right to sue divorce, while Sapardal can scarcely keep tranquil without any comment.In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as the dominating take the role as the dominated. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no courage to encounter her in their first dark of marriage. Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to show us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are yet a symbol of someone position, which in like manner can be shifted based on where we are stan ding.Sapardal may fail in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I read Indonesian culture literary work, curiously belong to Javanese one. However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way.The force of a new ideology introduce is not directly felt in this novel. The indigenous people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we call as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Teyi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi. It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered had cheated her by having quixotic affair with her master.Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his suffer side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his environment before they are married. That makes he has no courage to touch her at their first night.It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no appetite toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. Love relationship has been considered as a real relationship when we have indignation to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically.It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus. There is no any at fault feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved and being a part of Putri Parasis society, Keraton environment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a part of Putri community.While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a servant and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, Otherness theory also emerges in this novel. After having taught to have attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society.It appears in the way she treats Dumilah who is her old friend. She thinks that Dumilah has no right to become a munci of Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi because she is not at the same level with her or Ndara. Reference Ashcroft, Bill, et. al. 1946. The Empire Writes Back. London Routledge Barry, Peter. 1824. Beginning Theory. Manchester Manchester University put forward Brata, Suparto. 2004. Gadis Tangsi. Jakarta Kompas Reilly, John. 1978. Critical Approaches to Ethnic Literature. London Oxford University Press

Career Service

Allyssa Snyder C arer services 9 am class 1-9-13 Employability skills in an tycoon My paper is going to be focused on the topic how will you use employability skills and in your career. Employability skills are very burning(prenominal) in my career because you are almost people all the time. If you didnt bewilder communication in a dental potency you wouldnt get anything done if you didnt get down team cipher in an sanction you would yield to pay more people to do it individually if you dont solve problems the at that place will always be problems in the office.Initiative in an office is all important(predicate) so that people lowlife get tasks done faster and shows responsibility and politics. Planning and organization is also requisite in an office so that you can schedule appointments and organize where the supplies and office equipment goes in the office. Self-management is how you keep yourself on time, trustworthy, and in self-control essay writer premium 3d. Learn ing in an office is important because you lift up spick-and-span things and new techniques and you are never too old to learn new things.Technology is very important and office because you befuddle you are growing every year and you need to keep up with the new technology and office. Communication in an office is important, betwixt the boss and their employees, between the employees and the perseverings. The communication between the boss and their employees is important so that they know what to do in the office and how you want things were on. The communication between the employee and the patient is important so they know whats wrong what they need. It is also important during scheduling.When you are on the job(p) in an office you should also be a people person, you dont want to have a negative attitude around patients. If you have a bad attitude when you are around patients they wont want back to your office. That is why I think communication is important in an office. gr oupwork in an office is common between the dental assistant and the dentist. If there wasnt teamwork in the office there would be no dental assistants and the dentist would be working alone. It would take longer for the patient to be seen and also the octor would be tired by the end of the day. The dental assistant and dentist work together to examine the patient, do procedures on the patient. The dental assistant handles the paper work and scheduling for the doctor. bother solving is an important skill to have, when youre in an office and something happens you have to know how to handle is calmly, restfully and quickly. You dont want the office to find out what happened and they worry whats going on. When there is a problem with the insurance company that is when communication skills come in. ou have to know how to talk to them to judge the problem. If there is a problem with the doctor thusly you have to remain calm when you talk to him and you have to know how to ask question s and listen to what they say. Thats why problem solving is important in a dental office. Organization and planning is useful in an office. When you are organized you know where things are in the office. You wouldnt have a problem knowing where charts are, supplies and equipment is. Planning is useful in a office so that you know what the schedule is for the day and what the doctor is doing.Without those two skills the office would be very chaotic. You would non know where anything was or when appointments are. Thats why organization and planning is useful in an office. Self-management is when you are responsible for yourself and you go to work on time, do what your suppose to and take on new commitment. If you dont install it to work on time or do not show up then the office would be short handed and you would of left then in a tight spy with less employees to see the patients for the day.If you dont do what your suppose to then that means someone else has to do it, and that is not fair. Thats what you need to have good self- management skills or you would will not make it far in life. There are new techniques and technology that you have to learn. The technology is important so that you can know how to schedule appointment, know how to do the charting and most important emails and phone calls so that you can keep in touch with the employees and the patients.All these skills are important so that you can have a undefeated career in anything you do. All my examples are in the dental field because thats the field I am going into. The three most important to my success is communication, so you can ask questions. Team work, not all the stress is not me if we work as a team. The last skill that is important to me is learning, so I know what the office is doing, what technology and also what techniques the doctor uses.

The Decline of Literacy and Education in America

The Decline of Literacy and Education in America Attention Getter One of the major problems in America today is the settle of literacy and education. A recent study found that only 50% of heights school students in major cities graduate. A 2007 study by the National Endowment for the Arts be that Americans run down less and non as well as previous generations. Americans teenagers ar ranked keister countries such as Poland, Korea, France and Canada in reading. Many educators believe illiteracy is to blame for negative teen endeavors.Literate, ameliorate people are more like to partake in positive activities because they are more confident. psychological Orientation Education is taken for granted in America. Americans are worried about in all the do by things and that is why our country is suffering. Speaking correctly is laughed at. Memorizing historical events and multiplication tables is outdated because we fuck off Google and calculators. We would rather read pre-digeste d textbooks than original sources. We spend more time on our phones and watching reality shows than visiting libraries.We are non concerned with spelling because we have auto-correct. It has become difficult to put in the hard work of writings because we spend our time writing in 140 characters. We believe school should be entertaining, if learning is not fun it is not effective. That education is the job of the professionals and not the parents. Statistics dont lie. Our modern education administration is not working. We are failing to demand the best in students we let them get by sooner of making them do what they are capable of. Resulting in our failure to compete in the global economy.We are far less literate and educated than our competitors. Logical Orientation There are many reasons for the decline of literacy and education in America but I believe technology, parents, and unqualified teachers hold the biggest responsibility. Body I. What blow does technology have on lit eracy and education? A. New media- radio, cinema, television, computer are making writing obsolete. B. lack of reading causes our brains not to decipher the meaning of words. II. What impact do parents have on literacy and education?A. instantlys parent does not work with their child. B. They use technology as a baby broody hen instead of utilise it to educate their children. III. What impact does people with learning disabilities not being taught properly have on literacy and education? A. The teachers do not care are not qualified. B. Their parents feel it is professionals job to wait on their child learn and not theirs. Logical Closure I believe that the way for Americans to increase literacy is to mark off taking education for granted. Technology is not all bad.Parents should use technology to educate their children instead of using it as a baby sitter. Teachers should truly care and Truancy laws should be enforced. Psychological Closure or else of being brainwashed with fashion, reality tv, and cell phones we need to be brainwashed with math, reading, and science. Clincher It was Clive Lewis that said We all want progress but if you are on the wrong word, progress means doing an about-turn and walking blanket to the right road. It is not to late to stop the decrease in literacy. Promote education not entertainment.